* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Plants - cypresswoodsbiology
Photosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
History of botany wikipedia , lookup
Ecology of Banksia wikipedia , lookup
Plant breeding wikipedia , lookup
Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense wikipedia , lookup
Plant defense against herbivory wikipedia , lookup
Gartons Agricultural Plant Breeders wikipedia , lookup
Plant secondary metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Plant stress measurement wikipedia , lookup
Ornamental bulbous plant wikipedia , lookup
Plant physiology wikipedia , lookup
Plant nutrition wikipedia , lookup
Plant ecology wikipedia , lookup
Plant morphology wikipedia , lookup
Plant evolutionary developmental biology wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary history of plants wikipedia , lookup
Verbascum thapsus wikipedia , lookup
Sustainable landscaping wikipedia , lookup
Flowering plant wikipedia , lookup
Perovskia atriplicifolia wikipedia , lookup
Plants What is a plant? A plant is any organism with all the following characteristics: Multicellular Eukaryotes with chloroplast Autotrophic – Photosynthesis Cell walls made of Cellulose Label these structures Basic plant structures 1. 2. 3. Contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis catches light; stomata for gas exchange. Transpiration. Site of pollination, fertilization and seed development Tissue that surrounds seeds; the ovary Structures 4. 5. 6. Supports the plant; transport materials between roots and leaves Embryo of living plants Underground absorbs water and minerals; anchor the plant to the ground Evolution of plants Concept Map: Plants are divided 1st by whether or not they have a vascular system. Plants Has NO Vascular Tissue Bryophytes Has Vascular Tissue Tracheophytes Tracheophytes are divided into two groups by whether or not they reproduce with seeds. Tracheophytes Seedless Ferns use spores Seeded Tracheophytes Seedless Ferns use spores Seeded Gymnosperms “naked” or exposed seeds Angiosperms Flowers produce fruit w/ enclosed seeds Angiosperm Monocot one seed leaf Dicot two seed leaves Slide # 8 Bryophytes NONVASCULAR 1. Most primitive plants 2. Found in moist, shady areas 3. NO vascular (transport) system 4. Small size due to no vascular tissue 5. No true roots, stems, or leaves 6. Needs water for reproduction. 7. Reproduces using spores, -a water-proof single cell that can grow into a new organism. 8. Most common example: Mosses Tracheophytes -Vascular Plants- 1. 2. 3. Contains two types of specialized vascular tissues for transport within the plant. Presence of a vascular system allowed plants to become tall. Has specialized organs: roots, stems, and leaves. Stems Types of Vascular Tissue a. b. Xylem- transports H20 up from roots. Phloem- transports food made during photosynthesis and nutrients to where they are needed in the plant. Leaves DRAW STOMATA WITH GUARD CELLS The stomata regulates gas exchange. -open during day or when have enough water -closed during night or when conserving water Roots absorb water and dissolved nutrients. anchor plants in the ground. protect the plant from harmful soil bacteria and fungi. The two main types of roots are: taproots, which are found mainly in dicots, and fibrous roots, which are found mainly in monocots. Seed-Bearing Tracheophytes ADVANTAGE: Developed reproductive strategies that do not need water: 1. Seed contains a. b. c. 2. 3. A fully developed embryo Food supply for embryo A water-proof seed coat to keep from drying out Sperm transferred in water-proof pollen through pollination by wind or animals. Developed seed-bearing structures: Cones and Flowers Angiosperms- “enclosed seeds” 1. 2. 3. 4. These are flowering plants the encourage direct and efficient pollen transfer (smell, color and offering nectar) Pollinators are flying insects, birds, and bats that transfer pollen from flower to flower. Flowers contain ovaries, which is where eggs/seeds are produced. A fruit is the pollinated ovary containing mature seeds. Fruit can aid in dispersal of seed to reduce competition with parent plant. 1. 2. 3. 4. Winged fruit – glides to new location (maple fruit) Floating fruit – can float to new locations (coconut) Fleshy fruit - sweet bright colored fruit have seeds that survive the digestive system Maple seeds: Winged fruit of animals that eat the fruit (apple) Spiny fruit- Velcro like projections attach to the fur of animals (cockleburs) Burdock: Spiny fruit Common Adaptations Carnivorous; absorbs nitrogen from insects; lives in nitrogen poor soil Leaves are thin to minimize water loss. Seeds have “miniparachutes” to aid in dispersal. Has a very thick cuticle to prevent water loss. Thick stem to conserve water; needles for protection; no leaves to prevent water loss. Large, broad leaves to maximize sun absorption. Prop roots to better anchor the tree. Leaf is adapted for gas exchange and sun absorption on upper surface only.