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20.3 Diversity of Flowering Plants
KEY CONCEPT
The largest phylum in the plant kingdom is the
flowering plants.
20.3 Diversity of Flowering Plants
Flowering plants have unique adaptations that allow them
to dominate in today’s world.
• Flowers allow for efficient pollination.
– animals feed on pollen or nectar
– pollen is spread from plant to plant in process
20.3 Diversity of Flowering Plants
• Fruit allows for efficient seed dispersal.
– Fruit is flower’s ripened ovary
– Surrounds and protects seed(s)
– Many forms, each function in seed dispersal
20.3 Diversity of Flowering Plants
Botanists classify flowering plants into two groups based
on seed type.
• A cotyledon is an embryonic “seed leaf.”
• Monocots have:
– a single seed leaf.
– leaf veins usually parallel
– flower parts usually in multiples of 3
– bundles of vascular tissue scattered in stem
20.3 Diversity of Flowering Plants
• Dicots have
– two seed leaves.
– leaf veins usually netlike
– flower parts usually in multiples of 4 or 5
– bundles of vascular tissue in rings in stem
20.3 Diversity of Flowering Plants
Flowering plants are also categorized by stem type and
lifespan.
• Stem type can be woody or herbaceous.
– Wood is a fibrous
material made up of
dead cells.
– Wood has high
concentrations of
lignin and cellulose.
Oak
20.3 Diversity of Flowering Plants
Flowering plants are also categorized by stem type and
lifespan.
• Stem type can be woody or herbaceous.
– Wood is a fibrous material
made up of dead cells.
– Wood has high concentrations
of lignin and cellulose.
Oak
– Herbaceous plants are softer
and more flexible.
20.3 Diversity of Flowering Plants
• There are three types of plant life spans.
1. Annuals mature from seed,
flower, and die in one year.
Wheat
20.3 Diversity of Flowering Plants
• There are three types of plant life spans.
1. Annuals mature from seed,
flower, and die in one year.
2. Biennials take two years
to compete life cycle.
Foxglove
20.3 Diversity of Flowering Plants
3. Perennials live more than two years.
Big bluestem