Download Introduction to Plants

Introduction
to Plants
~Chapter 12~
Pg. 298
What Is a Plant?
• Characteristics:
1. Photosynthesis
• Plants use energy from sunlight to make food from
carbon dioxide and water
2. Cuticles
• Waxy layer coating most of the plant’s surface that
is exposed to air. Protects plant from drying out.
3. Cell Walls
• Unlike animal cells, plants have a cell wall that lies
outside the cell membrane. Supports and protects
the plant cell.
4. Reproduction
• Plants have two stages in the life cycle-sporophyte
and gametophyte.
Plant Classification
•Plants are first classified as nonvascular and vascular
plants.
•Vascular plants are then further divided into three
groups-seedless plants, nonflowering seed plants, and
flowering seed plants.
Let’s Take a Look at the 4 Main Groups of Plants….
Nonvascular Plants
• A plant that does
have specialized tissues to move
water and nutrients through the plant like true roots,
stems, and leaves.
• Nonvascular plants depend on diffusion to move water
and nutrients through the plant.
• Nonvascular plants can rely on diffusion because they
are small.
• Most nonvascular plants live in damp areas, so each of
their cells is close to water.
• These include liverworts, hornworts, and mosses.
Gallery of Liverwort Plants
Gallery of Hornwort Plants
Gallery of Mosses
Seedless Vascular Plants
• A vascular plant does have specialized tissues that
conduct materials from one part of the plant to another.
• Because they have tissues to move water, vascular
plants do not have to live in places that are damp.
• Seedless vascular plants include ferns, horsetails, and
club mosses.
Gallery of Seedless Vascular
Plants
• Ferns
• Horsetails
•Club Mosses
Nonflowering Seed Plants
(Gymnosperms)
• Seed plants do not depend on moist habitats for
reproduction, the way seedless plants do. Because of this,
seed plants can live in many more places than seedless
plants can.
• Seed plants are the most common plants on Earth today.
• A woody, vascular seed plant whose seeds are not enclosed
by an ovary or fruit.
• The groups of gymnosperms include conifers, ginkgoes,
cycads, and gnetophytes.
Gymnosperm Gallery
Flowering Seed Plants
(Angiosperms)
• A flowering plant that produces seeds within a fruit.
• There are more angiosperms on Earth than any other
kind of plant.
• They can be found in almost every land ecosystem,
including grasslands, deserts, and forests.
• Maple trees, daisies, and blackberries are all examples of
angiosperms.
Angiosperms Gallery