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Transcript
Kingdom - Plantae Plant Evolution Plant Characteristics • Vascular or Nonvascular • Roots – Taproots or Fibrous Roots • Seeds? • Flowers? • Dominant Life Stage – Gametophyte or Sporophyte To be a plant you must… • • • • • • Cell wall made of cellulose Autotroph Eukaryote Multicellular Alternation of Generations Domain Eukarya Plant Parts/ Adaptations • Stomata – openings on the sides of leaves that allow CO2 to enter and O2 to exit • Cuticle – waxy covering on leaves – prevents water loss • Vascular Tissue – transport tissues in plants – Xylem (transports water and minerals to leaves) and Phloem (transports products of photosynthesis to roots and stems) • Seeds – plant structure that contains an embryo, nutrients and is covered by a protective coat Cross-section of a leaf Plant Reproduction • Alternation of Generations – Alternate between haploid and diploid • Gametophyte – haploid – makes sperm and eggs • Sporophyte – diploid – made from the fusion of 2 gametophyte gametes – makes spores that grow into the next gametophyte generation Alternation of Generations Parts of a Flower Phylum Hepatophyta - Liverworts • • • • • Avascular No roots No seeds No Flowers Gametophyte is dominant • Very simple plants Phylum – Bryophyta - Mosses • • • • • Avascular No roots No seeds No flowers Dominant Gametophyte • Very simple Phylum – Pterophyta - Ferns • • • • • Vascular Roots No seeds No flowers Sporophyte is dominant Phylum – Coniferophyta – Conifers/ Gymnosperms • • • • • Vascular Roots Seeds No Flowers Sporophyte is dominant • Some are Dioecious – have male trees and female trees Phylum – Anthophyta - Angiosperms • • • • • • Vascular Roots Stems Seeds Flowers Dominant Sporophyte