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Chapter 24: Reproduction of Seed Plants Biology- Kirby Ch. 24-Reproduction of Seed Plants • Seedless plants need water to carry their gametes from plant to plant. • Seed plants do not need water to transport their gametes. • Plants alternate between the sporophyte and gametophyte phases in their life cycle. Ch. 24-Reproduction of Seed Plants • Gymnosperms: • Reproduction occurs in cones, which are made by the sporophyte plant. • Pollen cones- male cones- produce male gametophytes called pollen. • Seed cones- produce female gametophytes- ovules are located at the base of the scales. Ch. 24-Reproduction of Seed Plants • Gymnosperms: • Pollination- male cones are released and stick to the female cones. • If a pollen grain lands near an ovule, the grain opens and grows a pollen tube (2 haploid sperm). • When the tube reaches the ovule, the sperm nuclei join with the female gametophyte. Ch. 24-Reproduction of Seed Plants • Structure of Flowers: • Sepals- enclose the bud before it opens. • Petals- brightly colored to attract insects to the flower. • Male parts: – Stamen- the anther and the filament. – Filament- long, thin stalk that supports the anther. – Anther- produces male pollen grains. Ch. 24-Reproduction of Seed Plants • Female parts: – Carpel (Pistil)- produce female gametophytes. – Ovary- base of the pistil. – Style- stalk of the pistil. – Stigma- top of the style where pollen lands. Ch. 24-Reproduction of Seed Plants Ch. 24-Reproduction of Seed Plants • Angiosperms: • Reproduction occurs in the flower. • Most are pollinated by insects/animals. • When the pollen lands on the stigma it grows a pollen tube which grows down the style to the ovary. • One sperm nuclei fuses with the egg and the other fuses with polar bodies. • This makes endosperm- nourishes the embryo. Ch. 24-Reproduction of Seed Plants • Seed germination- early growth stage of the plant embryo. • The seed absorbs water, cracking the seed coat open. • The root emerges and begins to grow. • Then the stem emerges and begins to grow exposing the cotyledon (first leaf).