Download Seed Plants

Warm Up
Although ferns have vascular
tissue, they still must live in moist,
shady environments. Explain why.
Plants
The Characteristics of Seed
Plants
Chapter 8
Section 3
Discover Activity
• Which plant part is it? Page 262
Objectives:
• To identify the characteristics that
seed plants share.
• To explain how seeds become new
plants.
• To describe the functions of roots,
stems, and leaves.
Seed Plants
• Seed plants share 2 main
characteristics:
– Have vascular tissue
– Use pollen and seeds to reproduce
Characteristics
• Seed plants are vascular plants that produce
seeds.
• Vascular tissue is a system of tiny tubes that
transport food, water, and other materials.
• Xylem carries water and minerals up from the
roots through out the plant.
• Phloem carries food throughout the plant, both
upward and downward.
• Seed plants have true roots, stems and
leaves.
http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/plant_taxonomy_bi.htm
Conductive Vessel Element in Mountain Mahogany Wood
(SEM x750). This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel at
www.DennisKunkel.com, used with permission. Phloem
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookPLAN
TANAT.html
Seeds
• Seed plants do not require water
to reproduce.
• The reproductive structures of
seed plants are known as cones
and flowers.
• Seed plants produce pollen which
are tiny structure that contain the
cells that will later become sperm
cells.
http://www.cssd11.k12.co.us/dohnts/images/bio/pollen1.gif
http://www.cssd11.k12.co.us/dohnts/images/bio/bat028.gif
• A seed consists of a seed coat, a
young plant, and stored food.
• The young plant is called an
embryo.
• Germination is the early growth of
an embryo plant (the one inside
the seed).
• Cotyledons are the seed leaves on
the embryo.
• In some seeds, food is stored in
the cotyledons.
• The seed coat protects the embryo
so that the seed can inactive for a
long period of time.
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookPL
ANTANAT.html
http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/plant_taxonomy_bi.htm
Try This Activity
• The In-Seed Story page 264
Seed Dispersal
• Seed dispersal is the scattering of
seeds, usually far from where they
were produced.
• Look at the sample seeds and
discuss how they are dispersed.
Germination
• Germination occurs when the embryo
begins to grow again and pushes out of
the seed.
• For this to happen the seed absorbs
water from the environment and the
embryo uses the stored food to begin to
grow.
• The roots grow downward and the
leaves grow upward.
Roots
• Roots provide several functions for the
plant. They are
– Anchor plants
– Absorb water and minerals from the soil
– Store food.
• Fibrous roots consist of several main
roots that branch often.
• Taproot systems consists of a long,
thick main root with thin roots coming
from it.
Root Structure
• Root hairs are many thin, hair-like
extensions that greatly increase
the surface area through which the
plant takes in water and minerals
from the soil.
Root Structure
• The root cap is a structure that
covers and protects the tip of the
root as it grows. Just behind the
root cap is a region that contains
growth tissue, where new cells are
formed.
Stems
• Stems provide the means by which
water, minerals and food are
transported and they support the
leaves and other parts of the
plant.
• Plants are divided into two
categories based on the structure
of their stems.
Stem Structure
• The parts of stems are bark, the
outermost layer of a woody stem,
cambium, a growth region where
xylem and phloem are made, and
pith, the center containing large,
thin-walled cells that store water
and food.
• Woody are stems that contain
wood; they are hard.
http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/62
43/diversity4.html#Plant
Annual Rings
• The annual rings are made of
xylem. During the spring the
xylem grows rapidly and has a
wide, light brown ring. During the
summer it grows more slowly and
produces a thin dark ring.
http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/images/zuni%20doug-fir.jpg
• Herbaceous are stems that are
green and soft.
Leaf Structure
• The outermost layer of a leaf is
called the epidermis. They are
covered by a waxy, waterproof
coating that prevents excess water
loss.
Leaf Structure
• Light passes through the epidermis
to the mesophyll where
photosynthesis takes place.
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookPS.html
Leaf Structure
• Stomata are the guard cells that
allow gases to enter and leave a
leaf. They are located on the
lower layer of the mesophyll.
Stomatal apparatus as seen on a leaf epidermal peel of corn. The
above image is from
gopher://wiscinfo.wisc.edu:2070/I9/.image/.bot/.130/Leaf/Corn_e
pidermal_peel. Note the two sets of guard cells.
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookPS.html
Scanning electron micrograph of Equisetum (horsetail or scouring
rush) epidermis. Note the oval stomatal apparatuses in the center
of the stem. The above image is from
http://www.mcs.csuhayward.edu/sem/images/horsel4.gif.
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookPLANT
ANAT.html
Pea Leaf Stoma, Vicea sp. (SEM x3,520). This image is copyright
Dennis Kunkel at www.DennisKunkel.com, used with permission.
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookPS
.html
• Photosynthesis occurs in the leaf
and is the process in which food is
made using light energy. It has
two products glucose (food) and
oxygen.
Photosynthesis
Raw Materials
– Carbon dioxide + Water
Needed but not used up
Sunlight and Chlorophyll
End Products
– Glucose + Oxygen
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookPS.html
http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/plant_taxonomy_bi.htm
Leaf Structure
• Transpiration is the process in
which water is lost through a
plant's leaves
Observing Roots
• Carefully loosen the soil from the
geranium and the other plant with
a tap root. Have students
examine and draw the root
systems.
Actitivities
• Teacher Demo
• Try This Activity
• Teacher Demo
Lab
• Investigating Stomata
Homework