Download Plant Adaptation Notes

Plant Adaptations
(21.1, 22.4, & 22.3)
State Standard
SB4E. Relate plant adaptations, including
tropisms, to the ability to survive stressful
environmental conditions.
Chapter 21 Introduction to Plants
General Plant Adaptations
____________
 ____________ coating
that helps
____________ the
evaporation of water
from plant tissues
 Acts as a
____________ to
invading
microorganisms
Chapter 21 Introduction to Plants
General Plant Adaptations
____________
 ____________ in
the outer cell layer
of leaves and
some stems
 Adaptations that
enable the
____________ of
____________ even
with the presence of a
cuticle on a plant
Chapter 21 Introduction to Plants
General Plant Adaptations
____________ ____________
 Vascular tissue enables ____________
movement of substances than by osmosis
and diffusion, and over greater distances.
 Vascular tissue provides support and
structure, so vascular plants can grow
____________ than nonvascular plants.
Chapter 21 Introduction to Plants
General Plant Adaptations
Vascular Tissues – ____________
 ____________ – carries
water & dissolved
minerals from the roots
____________ to the
stem & leaves
 ____________ – food-
carrying tissue. Carries
sugars & other organic
compounds
____________ the plant
Chapter 21 Introduction to Plants
Reproductive Adaptations
____________
 Flowers are the
____________ structures of
a group of plants called
anthophytes.
 Flowers contain both male
parts (____________) & a
female part (____________).
 The movement of pollen
from a stamen to the pistil is
called ____________.
Reproductive Adaptations - Flowers
• Flowers can be pollinated by wind, insects, birds, &
other animals
• Many flowers are ____________ colored to attract
birds & insects that aid in pollination
Chapter 21 Introduction to Plants
Reproductive Adaptations
____________
 Cones are the ____________
structures of a group of plants
called ____________
(coniferophyta).
 Conifers produce small male
cones & larger female cones.
 The male cones produce
____________ while the female
cones remain on the plant until
its ____________ have
matured.
Male Female
Chapter 21 Introduction to Plants
Reproductive Adaptations
Seeds
 Plant structures that
contain an ____________,
____________ for the
embryo, and are covered
with a protective
____________
 These features enable
seeds to survive ____________ environmental conditions
and then sprout when favorable conditions exist.
Reproductive Adaptations
____________ ____________
• Maple trees produce seeds that are shaped like
____________ & are carried over long distances by
wind.
• Some plants produce seeds with ____________ or
hooks that attach to the fur of passing animals
Maple Seed
Reproductive Adaptations
____________ ____________
•Coconuts from palm trees ____________ which
allows seeds to travel from one island to another
Other Plant Adaptations - Dormancy
• Many seeds & plants will go ____________
(inactive) during ____________ conditions such as
drought or cold
• Some roots & stems are able to ____________
food for dormant periods
• Some trees drop their leaves during dormancy
• Other trees (such as conifers) have waxy needlelike leaves to conserve water and ____________
trunks to bend & not break under the weight of ice &
snow
Tropisms
• A ____________ is a plants growth
____________ to an external stimulus.
– If a plant grows toward the stimulus it is
called a ____________ tropism
– If the resulting plant growth is away from
the stimulus it is called a ____________
tropism
Tropisms
• Phototropism is a plant growth response to
____________ caused by an unequal
distribution of ____________.
Tropisms
• ____________ is a plant growth response to
____________ (AKA ____________)
– Roots usually show a positive Gravitropism
– Stems show a negative Gravitropism
Tropisms
• ____________ is a growth response to
mechanical stimuli such as ____________
Plant Hormones
• Plants control their growth in response to
environmental stimuli by using ____________
____________ known as hormones
• A hormone is a chemical produced in one part of an
organism that is sent to a different part of the
organism to affect ____________ there
Types of Plant Hormones
____________
• Controls phototropism by ____________ cells on
the shaded side of the stem to push the plant
toward light
• Promotes growth of ____________ and control
when the fruit falls from the plant
Types of Plant Hormones
____________
• Cause plant to grow ____________
• Increase rate of seed ____________ & bud
development
Types of Plant Hormones
____________ ____________
• ____________ plant growth during times of
stress, such as cold temperatures or
____________