Download Plant Notes- Kingdom Plantae

Plant NotesKingdom Plantae
Characteristics of Plants
• Multicellular ( many-celled)
• Autotrophic ( make their own food)
• Primary producers in most ecosystems and provide
the nutritional basis in terrestrial ecosystems
• Release oxygen to atmosphere
• Do you remember the equation for Photosynthesis?
Write it below.
6 CO2 + 6 H2O

C6H12O6 + 6 O2
• Cell walls are composed of cellulose
• Cannot move from place to place
4 Basic Kinds of Plants:
• 1. Nonvascular Plants-Usually small and
lack tissue to transport water and
nutrients. They lack roots stems and
leaves. Example: mosses.
• 2. Seedless Vascular Plants-Have roots
stems and leaves; reproduce with spores
instead of seeds. Examples: Ferns
• 3. Nonflowering Seed Plants
(Gymnosperms)-vascular plants that
reproduce using seeds but do not produce
flowers-they produce seeds in a CONE.
• Example: Pines and Spruces.
• Usually have needle like leaves and live in
cold dry (arid) environments.
• Leaves falling to the ground make the soil
very acidic and many plants cannot
survive so there is not a lot of diversity.
• What does acidic mean?
• What does diversity mean?
• 4. Flowering Seed Plants
(Angiosperms)• Plants that produce flowers. Seeds are
produced in a fruit. Examples: roses,
grasses and oaks.
2 groups of Angiosperms:
• Monocots•
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one cotyledons(seed leaf)
flower parts in 3’s
leaves with parallel veins
vascular tissue is scattered
fibrous root systems.
Examples: Grains (such as wheat, corn,
rice and grasses)
• 2. Dicots
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two cotyledons(seed leaf)
flower parts in 2’s,4’s or 5’s
leaves with branching veins
vascular tissue is in circular
bunches
• tap root
• Examples: Daisies, roses,
apples, peaches, potatoes,
tomatoes
• A Flower contains the reproductive organs
of the plant.
Parts of a Flower and Their
Functions
• Sterile parts: (not used in
reproduction)
– Petals-usually colorful to attract
pollinators
– Sepals- often green and cover the
bud of a flower and protects it as it
develops.
Female parts:
• Pistil- includes all female parts;
• located at the center of the flower
– Stigma- sticky part on which pollen
lands
– Style-connects the stigma to the
ovary
– Ovary-contains ovules & develops
into a fruit
– Ovule- structure in which an egg
develops and eventually become
seeds
Male parts:
• Stamen-includes
all male parts
– Anther- produces
pollen
– Filamentssupports the
anther
Major Parts of A Plant
• Major Structures of
VASCULAR PLANTS
include:
• ROOTS,
STEMS AND
LEAVES.
Roots
• Take in nutrients from the ground
• Anchor plants into the ground
• Tap root- one central root with tiny roots
branching off
• Fibrous roots-highly branched made up of
many roots that are the same size
Fibrous root
Tap Root
Stems
• Made up of several
types of tissue
• Supports the leaves
and houses vascular
tissue
• Phloem-tissue that
transports nutrients
• Xylem- tissue that
transports water
Leaves
• Site of food production –photosynthesis
• Parts of leaf:
• Cuticle- waxy covering on the leaf that
prevents water loss
• Stomata- pores on the leaf that prevent
water loss (p503, 561)
• Guard cells- border each stoma.
• Stomata open and close as the guard cells
change shape.
Guard
cells
Stomata
Stomata
Opened
Stomata
Closed
• Epidermis-outer layer of tissue
• Mesophyll- packed with chloroplasts; where
photosynthesis occurs
• 2 Layers of mesophyll:
• 1.Palisade layer-columnar cells that are right
below the upper epidermis
• 2. Spongy layer-loosely packed spherical cells
between palisade and lower epidermis
Upper
epidermis
Palisade
Vascular
tissue
Spongy
mesophyll
Lower
epidermis
Guard cells
Stomata
Transpiration- loss of water from a
plant (THROUGH THE STOMATA)
cotyledon
cotyledon
3’s
4’s or 5’s
parallel
netlike
Scattered
vascular
tissue
Vascular tissue
in bundles
Fibrous roots
Tap root