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Transcript
Vascular Three main parts: roots, stems and leaves Roots can be different sizes: Fibrous and tap roots Storage roots; beets, carrots, sweet potatoes and turnips Roots have different functions: anchoring the plant, taking in water and minerals, and store food. Nonvascular Simple; most grow in moist places No vascular tissues. Function of stems Support, transport of water & food Most stems grow upward Some stems grow sideward Types of stems Green Woody Transport of materials Xylem & phloem Xylem-Conducts water and minerals from roots to plant -composed of dead cells that form water-pipe system Phloem-Conducts food throughout plant -composed of living cells arranged into tubules Leaves come in variety of shapes and sizes Leaves are arranged in different ways As a plant makes sugar, oxygen is released chlorophyll – the green substance found in plants that traps energy from the sun and gives plants their green color carbon dioxide – a gas found in air Plants reproduce differently Reproduce – it means “to make more of the same kind” Plants are classified by characteristics. Plants that make seeds Flowering Plants Conifers Plants that do not make seeds Ferns Mosses a protective covering that surrounds the seed makes seeds. makes the plant's food. anchor the plant in place and absorb water and other minerals from the soil. carries water and food to the rest of the plant. Sepal – one of the leaflike parts that protects a flower bud and that is usually green Pistil – part of a flower that makes the eggs that grow into seeds Stamen – part of a flower that makes pollen Pollen – tiny grains that make seeds when combined with a flower’s egg Ovary – the bottom part of the pistil in which seeds form Ovule - the inner part of an ovary that contains an egg embryo – tiny part of a seed that can grow into a new plant After fertilization the flower dries up and petals fall off, leaving just the pistil and its ovary. The top of the pistil falls off and the ovary gets larger as one or more seeds form inside it. When the seeds are formed, the ovary dries up and the seeds fall out. Corn, Beans, and Peas are seeds that we eat When a pollen grain reaches a pistil, it grows a thin tube to the ovary. Sperm from the pollen grain combines with an egg, and a seed forms. Pollination- the movement of pollen from a stamen to a pistil Butterflies may carry pollen from the stamen of one flower to the pistil of the the same flower. Sometimes the butterfly may carry pollen from the stamen of one flower to the pistil of another flower of the same kind. monocot seed – a seed that has one seed leaf and stored food outside the seed leaf dicot seed – a seed that has two seed leaves that contain stored food Dormant Seed Takes in water and the seed coat gets soft. If the seed has enough oxygen and the right temperature, it will begin to germinate. dormant – the resting stage of a seed Geminating Seed First a root pushes through the seed coat and grows downward. The top part of the root grows upward and becomes the stem. The stem carries the seed coat and the seed leaves with it. The seed coat falls off. The seed leaves provide food for the plant. Two small leaves begin to grow from between the seed leaves. Seedling When the stored food within the original seed leaves is used up, they dry up and drop off. More leaves grow from buds on the stem as the plant grows taller. The new leaves can trap energy from sunlight and make sugar. Plants use the energy in the sugar to grow.