Download What is a Plant?

Kingdom Plantae
Domain Eukarya
Description - What is a
Plant?
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Multicellular
Eukaryotes
Photoautotroph
Cell walls of cellulose
Chloroplasts
Develop from multicellular embryos
Carry out photosynthesis using green
pigments Chlorophyll A and B
Where do Plants Live?
 Worldwide on land,
 Climate determines what type can grow.
 Affected by: Amount of water & length of
growing season
 Some plants have adapted to live in:
 Freshwater
 Swamps
 Salty tidal water.
Common Examples
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Ferns
Moss
Pine Tree
Magnolia Tree
Oak Tree
Rose bush
Grass
Cotton
Tomato plant
Mode of Nutrition
 Autotroph – by Photosynthesis
How do they reproduce?
 Plants are another kingdom that does
Alternation of Generations
 Plants may make spores or seeds during
reproduction, or both.
Diagram Alternation of
Generations in Plants
Briefly Explain This
Process: Haploid
Cells fuse together
To produce a new
Individual by mitosis.
Diagrams
= carpel
Carpel =
Classified by:
 Presence or Absence of Vascular
Tissue
 Vascular Tissue – moves water and
dissolved nutrients through the plant
against gravity
 2 Types:
 Xylem – moves water and minerals
 Phloem – moves dissolved sugars
 How they reproduce: Spore or Seed
Production
Why is Vascular Tissue
Important?
 Helps to support the plant by moving
food and water through the plant
 Carries out functions even against the
force of gravity
 Allows plants to grow tall!
Non-Vascular Plants
 If plants do not have vascular tissue, they
must utilize other means to transport
water, such as osmosis and capillary
action.
Main Groups
Cone-Bearing Plants
(760 species)
Vascular, Seed Producer
Ferns & relatives
(11,000 species)
Vascular, Spore
Producer
Flowering Plants
(235,000 species)
Vascular, Seed Producer
Mosses & relatives
(15,600 species)
Non-vascular
Spore Producer
Mosses
Examples: Reindeer moss
Peat moss,
sphagnum moss
Ferns and Relatives
Examples: Cinnamon fern, Christmas fern,
Boston fern
Cone – Bearing Plants
Examples: Pine tree, gingko, cycads,
Cedar tree, juniper
Flowering Plants
Roses, daisies, tulips, daffodils,
grasses, azaleas
Mosses
 Non-vascular
 Grow in deserts and in
regions of Antarctica
 Sensitive to air pollution
 Can adapt to poor soil
 Can tolerate very low
temperatures but grow
most abundantly in areas
with a lot of water
 Many different sizes
 Example: Polytrichum
Liverworts
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Non-vascular
8,500 different species
Does not have stems or leaves
Can sexually and vegetativly
reproduce
 Grow where moisture is
abundant, like on moist rotting
logs
 Examples: Marchantia
polymorpha, Riccardia pinguis
Hornworts
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Non-vascular
100 different species
Found usually in damp soil
Grows nearly year-round
Also lacking leaves and stems
Example: Phaeoceros
Lycophytes – Club Mosses
 Vascular
 Live in a variety of areas,
from arctic to tropical
 Form mats on the ground
 Cone-shaped leaf clusters
 Examples: Club mosses,
resurrection plant
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(resurrection plant name for several
plants, usually of arid regions, that may
apparently be brought back to life after
they are dead. In reality they have
hygroscopic qualities which cause them
to curl up when dry and to unfold when
moist. They are frequently sold in the
dried condition as a novelty. The most
common are the rose of Jericho and the
bird's-nest moss, a club moss)
Horsetails
 Vascular
 Generally small
 Reproduce by means of
spores
 Thrive in vacant lots, stream
banks, and roadsides and
other disturbed habitats
 Scale shaped leaves
 Example: Equisetum
Ferns
 Vascular
 Found in wet areas
 Have rust-colored
patches on fronds
 Up to 25 meters tall
 Seedless
 Some are heartshaped
 Examples: Tropical
ferns, epiphytes
How Plants Help Man
We Use plants for:
 Building materials
 Fuel
FOOD: cereals,
fruits and
vegetables.
Medicine
Some examples:
*Thyme: mainly used to treat coughs and clear
congestion
*Aloe Vera- heals wounds, burns, and reduces
risk of infection
*Ginkgo- prevent dizziness, tinnitus, short-term
memory loss, depression and other symptoms
related to poor brain circulation.
FIBERS
Cotton- woven into a variety of cloths
Linen-comes from fibers in stems of flax
plants and fibers in hemp plants. Linen is
used for a variety of things including cloth
and rope.
Papyrus Reed-used to make paper and
reed boats.
How they Hurt Man
 Weeds – can choke out desirable plants
in yards and gardens
 Water plants – can clog waterways if
grow unchecked
 Poisonous plants – cause rashes, or can
kill if eaten
Special Role(s) in
Ecosystems
 Main source of Oxygen on land
 Base of food chain on land
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Homes/habitats for many other organisms
Part of Carbon cycle in ecosystems
Help prevent soil erosion during heavy rains
Help keep temperatures lower in hot climates