Download Plants!!!!

Plants!!!!
• Multi-cellular eukaryote that produces
its own food in the form of glucose
through the process of photosynthesis
• All plants are autotrophic
• Plant cells have thick cell walls made of
cellulose
Nonvascular Plants
• Lack vascular tissue
– Transport water, starch & nutrients by osmosis & diffusion
• Must be small in size; usually only a few cells thick
• Require a close association with water--MUST live in
moist habitats
• Reproduce using spores
• The Gametophyte Generation (haploid) is dominant
• Male reproductive structure = antheridium
• Female reproductive structure = archegonium
Vascular Plants
• Have vascular tissues
– Tube-like cells transport water & nutrients throughout the
plant
• Grow much larger than non-vascular plants
• Can survive in a variety of habitats
• Can adapt to changes in the availability of water
• The Sporophyte Generation (diploid) is dominant
• There are two major types of Vascular Plants
– Non-Seed Plants and Seed Plants
Nonvascular Plants: Mosses
• Small plants with leafy stems
• Rhizoids help anchor the stem to the soil
• Usually grow in dense carpets
• Will grow anywhere with enough moisture
Nonvascular Plants: Liverworts
• Usually grow in
clumps/masses in moist
habitats
• Oily/shiny surfaces help
reduce evaporation from
tissues
Nonvascular Plants: Hornworts
• Sporophyte
resembles an
animal horn
• Each cell has one
large chloroplast
Vascular Plants: Nonseed Plants
• Prominent in ancient forests
• Reproduce using spores
• Requires film of water for
sperm to reach egg
• Ex: FERNS
Vascular Plants: Seed Plants
• Reproduce using seeds
• Seeds provide food supply &
protection for embryonic plant
from the environment
• Can provide a seed dispersal
method
Vascular Plants: Seed Plants
• Gymnosperms
– Naked seeds
– Seeds produced
on woody scales
called cones
– Ex: conifers (Pine
trees, Fir trees,
Redwood trees)
• Angiosperms
– Covered Seeds
– Seeds enclosed in
a fruit
– Fruit is the
ripened in the
ovary of a flower
Angiosperms: Anthophytes
• Flowering plants
• Divided into two classes:
monocotyledons &
dicotyledons
• One seed leaf = monot
• Two seed leaf = dicot
• Annual, Biennial, & Perennial
Monocots vs. Dicots
Flowering Plant Life Spans
• Annuals
– Sprout, grow, reproduce, and die in a single season
– Corn, wheat, peas, beans, squash
• Biennials
– Less than 2 years
– Many develop storage roots
– Survive winter/harsh conditions by dropping leaves or
dying back to ground
• Perennials
– Several years
– Produce flowers and seeds once a year
– Also survive winter/harsh conditions by dropping
leaves or dying back to ground