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Download Nonvascular Seedless Plants
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Seedless Plants Plant Evolution Plant Evolution Nonvascular Seedless plants – (Ordovician - 475 mya) Vascular Seedless plants – (Devonian - 400 mya) Vascular Seed plants – (Carboniferous - 360 mya) Flowering plants – (Cretaceous - 130 mya) Plant Evolution (Common with Algae) Multicellular and Eukaryotic Cell walls made of Cellulose Chlorophyll a and b Store excess sugar as starch Adaptations to Terrestrial Life Apical Meristems Multicellular Dependent Embryos Alternation of Generation Walled Spores produced in Sporangia Other Adaptations – Cuticle, stomata, Xylem & Phloem, secondary compounds Apical Meristems Multicellular Dependent Embryos Alternation of Generation Walled Spores produced in Sporangia Other Adaptations Adaptations in Shallow Water Algae Subjected to occasional drying Protection of gametes and embryos in gametangia Sporopollenin Classification of Seedless Plants Nonvascular Seedless plants – Bryophyta Mosses – Hepatophyta Liverworts – Anthocerophyta Hornworts Vascular Seedless plants – Lycophyta Club mosses – Psilophyta Whiskferns – Spenophyta Horsetails – Pterophyta Ferns Nonvascular Seedless Plants Plant is a thallus (no vascular tissue) – no true leaves, roots, stems Embryophytes – gametangia (antheridium and archegonium) – sporangium (produces spores) Hepatophyta Liverworts – Two forms leafy (80%) thalloid (20%) Hepatophyta Liverworts – Reproduction asexual (gemmae cups) sexual Anthocerophyta Hornworts – Similar to liverworts except for sporophytes – Most closely related to higher plants Bryophyta Mosses Bryophyta Mosses Vascular Seedless Plants Formation of vascular tissue – Xylem (water) – Phloem (food) – True leaves, roots, and stems Lignin Sporophyte generation dominate Sperm with flagella Lycophyta Lycophytes – true leaves microphylls – true stems – true roots – sporophylls leaves that produce spores Psilophyta Whisk Ferns – no true leaves – no true roots Sphenophyta Horsetails – true leaves microphylls – true stems silica – true roots Division: Pterophyta Division: Pterophyta Fern Life Cycle