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Vocabulary Review
Ch 30 – Plant
Reproduction
A reproductive
structure that
produces male sex
cells in flowerless and
seedless plants
Antheridium
A female reproductive
structure of small,
nonvascular plants that
produces a single egg and
in which fertilization and
development take place
Archegonium
The production of
only one kind of spore
Homospory
A cluster of spores
or sporangia
Sorus
The smaller of the
two types of spores
produced by most
plants that develops
into the male
gametophyte
Microspore
The larger of the two
types of spores
produced by
heterosporous plants;
develops into a
female gametophyte
Megaspore
The production of two
or more kinds of
asexual spores
Heterospory
The outer, protective
covering of a body, a
body part, an ovule,
or a sporangium
Integument
The small opening in
the wall of an ovule
through which a
pollen tube enters the
ovule
Micropyle
A structure in the ovary of a
seed plant that contains an
embryo sac and that develops
into a seed after
fertilization; in gymnosperms
the ovule is found in the
carpel and is structurally
simple and naked
Ovule
The structure that
contains the male
gametophyte of seed
plants
Pollen grain
The transfer of pollen from
the male reproductive
structures (the anthers) to
the tip of a female
reproductive structure (the
pistil) of a flower in
angiosperms or to the ovule in
gymnosperms
Pollination
A tubular structure
that grows from a
pollen grain, enters the
embryo sac, and allows
the male reproductive
cells to move to the
ovule
Pollen tube
The enlarged tip of a
flower stalk to which
the flower is
attached
Receptacle
In a flower, one of
the outermost rings
of modified leaves
that protect the
flower bud
Sepal
One of the usually
brightly colored,
leaf-shaped parts
that make up one of
the rings of a flower
Petal
The male reproductive
structure of a flower
that produces pollen
and consists of an
anther at the tip of a
filament
Stamen
In flowering plants,
the tip of a stamen,
which contains the
pollen sacs where
grains form
Anther
In flowers, the part
of a stamen that
supports the anther
Filament
The structure where
the ovule is in
flowering plants
Carpel
The female
reproductive part of a
flower that produces
seeds and consists of
an ovary, style, and
stigma, made of one or
more fused carpels
Pistil
In the female
reproductive system of
animals, an organ that
produces eggs; in
flowering plants, the lower
part of a pistil that
produces eggs in ovules
Ovary
In plants, the
slender, upper part
of the pistil
Style
The expanded apex
of a pistil, supported
by the style; the
part of the pistil that
receives the pollen
Stigma
In plants, the female gametophyte
that develops from a megaspore;
contains the ovum that fuses with
a sperm nucleus during
fertilization to form an embryo
and seven other cells, including
the polar bodies that fuse with
another sperm nucleus to form
endosperm
Embryo sac
One of the two haploid
nuclei in the embryo sac
of a seed plant that fuse
with a male gamete to
form the triploid cell that
develops into the
endosperm
Polar nucleus
The cell of a pollen
grain that gives rise
to the pollen tube
Tube cell
In a pollen grain, the
cell that divides
mitotically and forms
two sperm cells
Generative cell
A sugar-containing
fluid secreted by
flowers to attract
birds or insects for
pollination
Nectar
The process by which one of
the two sperm nuclei fuses
with the egg nucleus to
produce a diploid zygote and
the other fuses with the
polar nuclei to produce a
triploid endosperm
Double
fertilization
The production of
new individuals
Propagation
The protective, outer
covering of a seed
Seed coat
The developing shoot
above the cotyledons
in plant embryos;
consists of the
epicotyl and young
leaves
Plumule
The portion of the
stem of a plant
embryo that is
between the
cotyledons and the
first true leaves
Epicotyl
The portion of the
stem of a plant
embryo that is
between the
cotyledons and the
embryonic root
Hypocotyl
In plants, the
embryonic, or
primary, root
Radicle
On a plant seed, a
scar that marks
where the seed was
attached to the ovary
wall
Hilum
A state in which seeds,
spores, bulbs, and other
reproductive organs stop
growth and development
and reduce their
metabolism, especially
respiration
Dormancy
An organism that is
produced by asexual
reproduction and that is
genetically identical to its
parent; to make a genetic
duplicate
Clone
A type of asexual
reproduction in which
new plants grow from
nonreproductive plant
parts
Vegetative
Reproduction
A root, stem, or leaf
that is cut from a
living plant and that
can produce a new
plant
Cutting
The process of
causing roots to form
on stems or branches
of a plant that are
covered with soil
Layering
A technique in which
a portion of one plant
is attached to the
root or shoot of
another plant and
grows there
Grafting
The technique for
growing living cells in
an artificial medium
Tissue culture