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Temperate Forests Katie Aguilera Erin Monahan Geographic Location - Established between the tropics and the polar regions (“Temperate Forests”) - Present in Northern and Southern Hemispheres ~ more temperate forests exist in Northern regions -Located in China, Korea, Japan, most of Europe (disincluding Mediterranean areas), and Eastern portion of the United States -Experiences four seasons due to location ~between the 58th and 26th parallel (“Temperate Broadleaf Deciduous Forests”) Temperate Forest Regions (“Temperate Forests”) Climate Characteristics • Average Annual Temperature: - 10 C (“Biome Basics”) • Temperature Range: -four seasons cause a wide range of temperatures ~ -30 C to 30 C (“Biome Basics”) • Average Rainfall: - 20 to 60 inches of precipitation -distributed evenly throughout the year ~in forms of snow and rain (“Biome Basics”) Limiting Factors • Elevation: -Some temperate forests are found on the slopes of mountains ~generally experience colder winters -Can grow in basins ~generally subject to more precipitation (“Temperate Broadleaf Deciduous Forests”) (“Ecological Diversity”) Layers • Tree stratum-tallest • Small tree or sapling layer-shorter and younger trees • Shrub layer • Herb layer-short plants • Ground layer-lichens, mosses (“Biome Basics”) Trees • • • • • • • Maple Birch Beech Oak Hickory Sweet gum Pine trees and other coniferous trees • Taiga is found in the north end (“Biome Basics”) Animals • Birds, Insects, Reptiles • Mammals: – Bears, raccoons, squirrels, skinks, wood mice and deer • Bobcats, elk, bison, mountain lions, timber wolves and coyotes have been hunted and close to being wiped out • Platypus is in the temperate forests of Australia (“Temperate Forest Foundation”) Adaptations • PLANTS – Leaves are broad and light so it has a bigger surface to capture sunlight – Trees cut off water supply to the leaves and seal off the leaf stems where they join onto the tree trunks • ANIMALS – Migrate to warmer places to escape cold winters – Hibernation through winters when food is scarce – Squirrels, chipmunks and jays store food when its plentiful (“Temperate Forest Biome”) (“Temperate Forest Biome”) References • • • • • Ciucci, Mary, Collen McCartney, and Mary Warren. "Temperate Forest, Hot or Cold?" Biome Basics. Apr.-May 1997. Richmond University. 16 Oct. 2008 <http://http://oncampus.richmond.edu/academics/education/projects/webunits/biomes/tforestclimat e.html>. "Ecological Diversity." Temperate Forest Foundation. 2007. Temperate Forest Foundation: Research and Education. 17 Oct. 2008 <http://http://www.forestinfo.org/discover/diversity.htm>. Elis, G. "Temperate Forests." Glossopedia. 16 Oct. 2008 <http://http://www.globio.org/glossopedia/article.aspx?art_id=3>. "Temperate Broadleaf Deciduous Forest." Biomes. 13 Oct. 1996. 16 Oct. 2008 <http://http://www.runet.edu/~swoodwar/classes/geog235/biomes/tbdf/tbdf.html>. Viau, Elizabeth A. "Food Pyramid." Temperate Forest Biome. 2000. World Builders. 2008 <http://www.world-builders.org/lessons/less/biomes/rainforest/temp_rain/temppy.html>.