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Transcript
Chapter Five Fragments English Brushup, 3E John Langan ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fragments • A sentence fragment is a group of words that is punctuated as a sentence but is not grammatically correct. • A sentence fragment may lack a subject, a verb, or an independent clause. – The wind velocity in hurricanes and monsoons. – The winds raging in hurricanes and monsoons. English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fragments • Locate the subject. • Locate the verb. – Inspires many poets and song writers. (This lacks a subject.) – The pleasant weather of May. (This lacks a verb.) English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fragments • Verb phrase: – To take advantage of sunlight in photography. • Prepositional phrase: – Within the eye of the hurricane. English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fragments • Noun phrase: – Various theories for weather forecasting. • Appositive phrase: – One popular weather topic, el Niño. English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fragments • A clause that begins with a subordinator (or dependent word) is a dependent clause. • These examples are not independent clauses. • If a tornado sweeps across the plains. • Because snow is beautiful in the moonlight. English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fragments • Look for relative pronouns. • Relative pronouns introduce clauses that modify nouns or pronouns (who, which, that). – The instructor who argued against class cancellations for snow. • Revised:The instructor who argued against class cancellations for snow was very unrealistic. English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fragments • Although relative clause fragments have both a subject and a verb, they cannot stand alone. – Bob who intends to buy a small tractor and a plow. • Revised: Bob, who intends to buy a small tractor and a plow, thinks he will earn money removing snow this winter. English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fragments • Combine the fragment with the sentence that precedes it or with the sentence that follows it. – Dramatic weather conditions do not always cause disasters. But at times create beautiful situations as well. – Correction: Dramatic weather conditions do not always cause disasters but at times create beautiful situations. English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fragments • The jet stream can pull cold air down from Canada. Or bring warm air up from Mexico. • The jet stream can pull cold air down from Canada or bring warm air up from Mexico. English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fragments • Dependent clause fragments begin with a subordinating conjunction (because, since, before). • Although air traffic controllers regulate flight patterns. – Corrected: Although air traffic controllers regulate traffic patterns, they cannot control the weather. English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fragments • Be aware of situations that can lead to sentence fragments. – Examine a sentence that begins with a subordinating word. • Because hail fell on the peach blossoms. – Carefully select transitional words or phrases which introduce examples or a list. • For example, floods, hurricanes, and tornadoes. English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fragments Decide whether each sentence group is a correct sentence or if it is a sentence fragment. (Click to see the answer.) Fragment English Brushup, 3E My Aunt Marie being a good cook. ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fragments Decide whether each sentence group is a correct sentence or if it is a sentence fragment. Correct English Brushup, 3E She can spend hours reading a cook book. ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fragments Decide whether each sentence group is a correct sentence or if it is a sentence fragment. Fragment English Brushup, 3E Although she says that she doesn’t like to read. ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fragments Decide whether each sentence group is a correct sentence or if it is a sentence fragment. Fragment English Brushup, 3E Special desserts such as pecan pies, chocolate cheesecakes, and pumpkin cake roll. ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fragments Decide whether each sentence group is a correct sentence or if it is a sentence fragment. Correct English Brushup, 3E Aunt Marie’s desserts are not for those who are watching their diet. ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fragments Decide whether each sentence group is a correct sentence or if it is a sentence fragment. Correct English Brushup, 3E Filled with cream and sugar, these delicacies contain hundreds of calories. ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fragments Decide whether each sentence group is a correct sentence or if it is a sentence fragment. Correct English Brushup, 3E It often seems that any food item that tastes good is fattening. ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fragments Decide whether each sentence group is a correct sentence or if it is a sentence fragment. Fragment English Brushup, 3E For example, ice cream and chocolate cake. ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.