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Transcript
Unit 3 Chapter 5.3, 6.1, 6.3 Human Population Growth Humans and the Biosphere Biodiversity 5.3 Human Population Growth Human population tends to increase dramatically over time. Exponential Human pop. growth is mainly due to: •Nutrition •Sanitation •Medicine •Health care World Population Growth Growth rate reached peak about 1962-1963 The human population is still growing in size but the growth rate is slowing down. Patterns of Human Population Growth Demography- examines characteristics of human populations and attempts to explain how those populations will change over time. Birth rates, death rates, and the age structure of a population will help predict why some countries have high growth rates while other countries grow more slowly. 6.1 Humans and the Biosphere Humans affect regional and global environments through agriculture, development, and industry in ways that have an impact on the quality of Earth’s natural resources, including soil, water, and atmosphere. Agriculture- a dependable supply of food can be stored for later use. Enabled humans to gather and settle in cities and towns. Monoculture- enables efficient sowing, tending, and harvesting of crops using machines. (example, soy beans) Development: As many more people choose to live in cities and suburbs, these areas produces more and more wastes and they can affect air, water, and soil resources. Industrial Growth: Industrial growth due to building of homes, clothes, electronics, require a lot of energy to produce and to power. Many industries produce waste directly into air, water, and soil. Sustainable Development Ecosystem goods and services (clean air and water) are often not free. If there is no natural resource towns must spend money to mechanically or chemically treat the water. Renewable resources- can be replaced or produced by a healthy ecosystem (a tree that is cut down, then a new one is replanted. Nonrenewable resources- cannot be replenished within a reasonable amount of time. (fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas) Sustainable development – provides for human needs while preserving the ecosystems that produce natural resources. Approved April 19, 2011, the Cape Wind Project will build 130 wind turbines that will supply the cape and the islands with ¾ of it’s energy needs. 6.3 Biodiversity- is the total of all genetically based variation in all organisms in the biosphere. Ecosystem diversity- the variety of habitats, communities, and ecological processes in the biosphere. Species diversity- the number of different species in the biosphere or in a given area. Genetic Diversity- the sum of all the different forms of genetic information carried by a particular species, or by all organisms on Earth. Why is the genetic diversity of a species important to its survival? Biodiversity Video ~8:27 Benefits of biodiversity Wild species are the original sources of many medicines. Many drugs come from plants and other living things. Genetic biodiversity is important in agriculture. The genes of wild plants can be used to breed or genetically engineer new plants that can become very useful crops. The number and variety of certain species (keystone species) maintain an ecosystem’s stability, productivity and value to humans. Example: Honey bee video Threats to Biodiversity •Altered habitats for development or farming •Hunting and demand for wildlife (exotic pets) •Introduced species (invasive species) •Pollution: DDT, pesticides, acid rain, excess carbon dioxide •Climate change Conserving Biodiversity Protecting individual species: Scientists trap and selectively breed to maximize genetic diversity, then reintroduce into the environment (panda bear) Preserving Habitats and Ecosystems: Sanctuaries, parks, protected areas all preserve habitats. Considering local interests: Incentives for buying solar panels or carbon credits for companies.