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Warm-Up • Create a NEW Table of Contents for this section, call it “Ecology” • Write your homework – leave it to be stamped! • Get your folder off the counter so we can file all of the quizzes & tests from 3rd quarter! Date Session # 3/27 & 3/28 1 Activity Page # Vocab Preview for Ecology & Essential Question 1 Ecosystem Basics 2 Limiting Factors 3 What is Ecology? Ecology – the scientific study of interactions among organisms in their environment Vocab Preview List Essential Question for this Unit: What are the factors that make-up an ecosystem & how do their relationships maintain balance and stability within that ecosystem? Head’s Up… • The Essential Question will be a short answer on your test for this unit! • Your test for this unit will be a video test in which you will need to be able to identify examples of the vocabulary from this unit! Levels of the Environment Where does ecosystem fall within the levels of the environment? In the diagram place each of the words in the correct level of environment from largest to smallest: Species Biosphere Individual Organisms Ecosystem Population Community Levels of the Environment: From Largest to Smallest • Biosphere: all the ecosystems on earth • Ecosystem: A system formed by the interaction of both the living and non-living factors that make up an environment • What are those living and non-living factors called again? • Biotic – living factors • Abiotic – non-living factors Levels of the Environment: From Largest to Smallest • Community: all the populations of all of the species that live in an area at the same time • Population: all the organisms of a single species that live in the same place at the same time. • Species: organisms of the same species that share characteristics and can breed with each other • Individual Organism: one single animal of a given species A Different Way to Look at it… Ecosystem Community Population Population Species Individuals Population What About Habitat & Niche? Within an ecosystem, each species (or population of species) has a… • Habitat: The place an organism lives – The habitat supplies all the biotic and abiotic factors the organism needs to survive • Niche: an organism’s “role/job” in the ecosystem – What it eats/how it eats, individual response to resource changes, what it does to keep the ecosystem functioning…etc. If the niche of one organism overlaps the niche of another organism, it will lead to competition! An Example… • Reginald the Red Wolf http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2L6N2di E8jc • What is Reginald’s habitat? • What is Reginald’s niche? 5 Minute Field Trip • You will be going outside IN AN ORDERLY AND QUIET MANNER. • Describe the school ecosystem: – What type of ecosystem would it be if nothing had ever been built? – What types of communities do you see (or not see, but know are there)? – What populations of organisms do you see (or not see, but know are there)? – For three organisms identify their niche If it’s Rainy… Using your groups picture… • Describe the ecosystem • List biotic and abiotic factors • List some of the various communities and populations • Select three organisms: identify their niche Think-Ink Pair-Share • What do all living organisms need? • How might organisms in an ecosystem interact in order to get the things they need? • What does this mean in terms of these factors affecting the size of a population of organisms? Factors Affecting Populations • Carrying Capacity: the maximum number of individuals a given area can support – there is a limit! • Limiting Factors: – Density Dependent Limiting Factors – determined by organism interactions - competition for food, territory, mates, shelter; also disease & parasites from living close together – Density Independent Limiting Factors – usually abiotic factors that can’t be controlled – weather, temperature, fire, drought, flood, human activities Vocab Preview List… • Let’s revisit your vocab preview list…how many words can we check off already? Practice with Limiting Factors • Complete the reading and questions…start in class, finish for homework! • Go through the vocab list – highlight the words you think you need to focus on the most • Complete any make up work/extra credit! Warm-Up • Update your Table of Contents for today • Write your homework – have it stamped! • Get Limiting Factors homework out to be checked! • Answer on page 4: What qualifies as a relationship within an ecosystem…list some examples. Date Session # 3/31 & 4/1 2 Activity Page # Relationships in an Ecosystem Part 1 4 Predator-Prey Relationships Packet 5 Relationships • Relationships between organisms fall into 3 main categories: – Competition/Cooperation – competition between organisms for limited resources OR cooperation to gather those needed resources – Symbiosis – any close relationship between two different species that does not involve predator-prey interaction – Predation – organisms of one species killing and eating those of another species Relationships: Competition How does this relationship help maintain balance & stability in an ecosystem? Let’s Find Out… Animal Fight Club – What are they fighting for? http://www.animalfightclub.com/ Relationships: Cooperation How does this relationship help maintain balance & stability in an ecosystem? Let’s Find Out… Elephants Show Cooperation on Test http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXcRw6Piaj8 Relationships: Symbiosis • There are 3 types of symbiosis: – Mutualism: Both species benefit from the relationship – 2 thumbs up – Commensalism: One species benefits, the other does not benefit or get harmed – 1 thumb up; one thumb sideways – Parasitism: One species benefits, the other is harmed – 1 thumb up; 1 thumb down Example of… • The most common example is the clownfish and the sea anemone. The clownfish takes shelter among the tentacles of the sea anemone, and the sea anemone is not affected. Example of… • Sea Lampreys attaching to native fish species in the Great Lakes and living off the fish’s body fluids Example of… Remora sharks have an adhesive disk on their dorsal surface, which they use to attach themselves to whales. They clean the whale’s skin and then get to feed on the remains from the whale's food. Heads Down Thumbs Up • Put your head down, and as I read each scenario use the thumb signals I taught you to show me whether the scenario is Parasitism, Commensalism or Mutualism Relationships: Predation Predator: Those that are doing the eating Prey: Those that are being eaten Relationships: Predation How does this predator-prey relationship help maintain balance & stability in an ecosystem? Let’s investigate the answer to this through the “Oh Deer!” game Predation Quick Write 1. What happened to the deer population and the amount of resources after the first round? What is this an example of? 2. How does the addition of a predator (or multiple predators) help maintain balance & stability in an ecosystem? Predation Quick Write How does this predator-prey relationship help maintain balance & stability in an ecosystem? • Predators eat prey and maintain health of the prey populations • Predators eat the old, sick, weak – those “less fit” to survive the help the evolution of the species • Works like a cycle: As the population of prey increases, then the predator population will increase as their food source increases – they are able to eat more prey, and in turn decrease the prey population once again Relationships: Predation More Practice! Start now, finish for homework…