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Transcript
Ecology Ecology • Study of the Interactions between Organisms and the Nonliving Components of their Environment Levels of Organization • Organism- a single life form Population • Population- all the organisms of the same species living in one place at one time Community • Community- all of the populations in one area at one time Habitat • Habitat- the physical location of the community Ecosystem • Ecosystem- All the living and the non-living things in an area • (as small as your back yard or as big as the world). Diversity • Diversity- measure of the number of different species there are in an area • (Ecosystems flourish more with more diversity) Niche • Niche- an organism’s role in the community (like a job) • (ex. How it gets food, how it finds shelter, etc) Generalist • Generalists- species with broad niches, who can tolerate many conditions (ex cats, roaches) Specialists • Specialists- Species that have narrow Niches, who can only tolerate certain conditions. (ex. Koala and Panda) Abiotic Factors • Abiotic factors- non-living factors in the ecosystem • Ex. Sunlight, Climate, Chemicals, etc Biotic Factors • Biotic factors- living components of an ecosystem • Interactions between organisms can affect the ecosystem Competition • competition- two species or organisms struggling for the same resource (- and -) • (ex. lions and hyenas.) Mutualism • Symbiosis- organisms living in a close relationship • mutualism- two species cooperating (+ and +) • (ex. bees and flowers, hippos and fish) Commensalism • commensalism- one species benefits from another, the other species is not affected (+ and no affect) • ex. Sea anemones and clown fish Predation • predation- one species hunting and eating another (+ and -) • leopards and gazelles Parasitism • parasitism- one species benefits from another, the other species is harmed (+ and -) • (dogs and ticks, humans and tape worms)