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Chapter 14 Review Interactions in Ecosystems 14.1: Habitat and Niche • Every organism has a habitat and a niche. • A habitat differs from a niche. • A habitat is where a species lives. Example: the habitat of a lion is the savannah. • An ecological niche is how a species lives. • An ecological niche includes food, temperature, water, and behavior. 14.2: Community Interactions • Organisms interact as individuals and as populations. • Competition and predation are two important ways in which organisms interact. • Symbiosis is a close relationship between species. 14.2: Community Interactions • The ways in which organisms interact include competition, predation, mutualism, commensalism,and parasitism. • Competition is when organisms fight each other for resources. E.g. hyenas fighting lions for territory. • Predation is when organisms feed on each other. E.g. lion eating zebra • Mutualism is when organisms help each other so that they both benefit. E.g. gazelle warns zebra that lion is coming. 14.2: Community Interactions • Commensalism is when one organism benefits from another, and the other is not harmed. • E.g. barnacle and whale • Parasitism is when one organism benefits and the other is harmed. • E.g. flea and dog, mosquito and human 14.4: Population Growth Patterns • Populations grow in predictable patterns. • Changes in a population’s size are determined by immigration, births, emigration, and deaths. • Immigration is the movement of individuals into a population from another population. • Emigration is the movement of individuals out of a population and into another population. 14.4: Population Growth Patterns • Population growth is based on available resources. • Exponential growth is when a population size increases dramatically over time because resources are abundant. • Ecological factors limit population growth. • Logistic growth is when the growth of the population is limited by lack of resources. • The carrying capacity of an environment is the maximum number of individuals in a species that the environment can support. 14.5: Ecological Succession • Ecological Succession is a process of change in the species that make up a community. • Succession occurs following a disturbance in an ecosystem. • Succession is the sequence of biotic changes that regenerate a damaged community or create a community in a previously uninhabited area. 14.5: Ecological Succession • There are two types of succession: primary and secondary. • Primary succession is the establishment and development of an ecosystem in an area that was previously uninhabited. • Secondary succession is the reestablishment of a damaged ecosystem in an area where the soil was left intact.