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Transcript
Organisms and Their Relationships Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 Cycling of Actual Test Vocabulary Matter Questions The scientific discipline in which the relationships among living organisms and the interaction the organisms have with their environments are studied Ecology The portion of Earth that supports life Biosphere The living factors in an organism’s environment Biotic Individual organisms of a single species that share the same geographic location at the same time Population A biological community and all of the abiotic factors that affect it Ecosystem An organism that gets its energy requirements by consuming other organisms Heterotroph A heterotroph that eats only plants Herbivore An organism that eats fragments of dead matter in an ecosystem, return nutrients to the soil, air and water where nutrients can be reused by organisms Detritivore A model representing the many interconnected food chains Food Web A diagram that can show the relative amounts of energy, biomass, or numbers of organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem Ecological Pyramid Anything that has mass or takes up space Matter The process of capture and conversion of nitrogen into a form that is useable by plants Nitrogen Fixation The name of the cycle that affects climate change Carbon and Oxygen A chemical substance that an organism must obtain from its environment to sustain life and undergo life processes Nutrient The process of converting fixed nitrogen compounds back into nitrogen gas, which returns it to the atmosphere Denitrification Organisms that eat both plants and animals Omnivores A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another organism Parasitism Each step in a food chain or a food web Trophic Level The act of one organism consuming another organism for food Predation A group of interacting populations that occupy the same geographic area at the same time Biological Community Organisms with overlapping niches probably have which type of relationship? A. commensal B. competitive C. mutualistic D. parasitic B. competitive Which organisms perform cellular respiration? A. Plants B. Animals C. Neither Plants nor Animals D. Both Plants and Animals D. Both Plants and Animals To explain and show how the amount of living material at each trophic level of a food chain changes, you could use a pyramid of __________________ Biomass Cougars and predators that often eat weakened or diseased animals. This is a description of the ___________ of cougars. A. habitat B. community C. Niche D. none of these C. Niche How long are food chains? A. four steps long B. three steps long C. it varies with day length D. it varies with ecosystem D. it varies with ecosystem