* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The average year-after-year conditions of temperature and
Survey
Document related concepts
Habitat conservation wikipedia , lookup
Theoretical ecology wikipedia , lookup
Reforestation wikipedia , lookup
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle wikipedia , lookup
Pleistocene Park wikipedia , lookup
Restoration ecology wikipedia , lookup
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project wikipedia , lookup
Ecological resilience wikipedia , lookup
Ecosystem services wikipedia , lookup
List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
The average year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region are referred to as the region’s 25% 25% 25% 25% 1. weather. 2. latitude. 3. ecosystem. 4. climate. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 All of the following factors contribute to Earth’s climate EXCEPT 1. 2. 3. 4. 1 latitude. longitude. transport of heat. shape and elevation of landmasses. 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 Climate is a global factor that produces 1. Earth’s unique ocean and atmosphere. 2. the shape and elevation of landmasses. 3. a wide range of environmental conditions that shapes communities. 4. solar energy within the atmosphere. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 2 25% 3 25% 4 Temperatures on Earth remain within a suitable range for life as we know it because of the 1. unequal heating of Earth’s surface. 2. loss of heat to space. 3. radiation of sunlight back into the atmosphere. 4. greenhouse effect. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 The loss of heat to space is slowed by 1. radiation entering the atmosphere. 2. atmospheric gases. 3. solar energy. 4. the biosphere. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 The greenhouse effect is 1. the result of an excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. a natural phenomenon that maintains Earth’s temperature range. the result of the differences in the angle of the sun’s rays. an unnatural phenomenon that causes heat energy to be radiated back into the atmosphere. 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 2 25% 3 25% 4 Earth has three main climate zones because of the differences in latitude and, thus, 1. amount of precipitation received. 2. angle of heating. 3. ocean currents. 4. prevailing winds. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 Cool air over the poles will 1. rise. 2. sink. 3. absorb heat from the equator. 4. flow parallel to Earth’s surface. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 The unequal heating of Earth’s surface 1. drives wind and ocean currents. causes winds that transport heat throughout the biosphere. has important effects on Earth’s climate regions. all of the above 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 The tendency for warm air to rise and cool air to sink results in 1. global wind patterns. 2. ocean upwelling. 3. unequal heat distribution. 4. regional precipitation. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 A mountain can affect climate by 1. absorbing more solar energy at the peak than at the base of the mountain. causing precipitation to fall mostly on one side of the mountain. pushing a cool air mass back out over the ocean. interfering with air currents and affecting Earth’s rotation. 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 Why does Earth have three main climate zones? 1. Warm air rises at the equator and cold air 25% sinks over the poles causing an unequal distribution of heat over Earth. There are differences in latitude and, thus, the angle of heating from the sun. Continents and other landmasses physically interfere with global heat distribution. The Earth rotates and affects the major ocean currents. 2. 3. 1 4. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 Each of the following is an abiotic factor in the environment EXCEPT 1. 2. 3. 4. 1 plant life. soil type. rainfall. temperature. 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem? 1. average temperature of the ecosystem type of soil in the ecosystem number and kinds of predators in the ecosystem concentration of oxygen in the ecosystem 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 During a long period when there is no rainfall, a mountain lion may temporarily leave its usual hunting territory to drink from a farm pond. This behavior is probably due to 1. its need to find different foods to eat. the change in an abiotic factor in its environment. its need to find a new habitat. the change in a biotic factor in its environment. 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 An organism’s niche is 1. the range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which it uses those conditions. all the physical and biological factors in the organism’s environment. the range of temperatures that the organism needs to survive. a full description of the place an organism lives. 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree ONLY because they 1. have different habitats within the tree. eat different foods within the tree. occupy different niches within the tree. can find different temperatures within the tree. 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism is called 25% 25% 25% 25% 1. competition. 2. sybiosis. 3. mutualism. 4. predation. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 Different species can share the same habitat, but competition among them is reduced if they 25% 25% 25% 25% reproduce at different times. eat less. increase their populations. occupy different niches. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time 1. because of the interactions that shape the ecosystem. unless the species require different abiotic factors. because of the competitive exclusion principle. unless the species require different biotic factors. 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 2 25% 3 25% 4 A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is 1. 2. 3. 4. 1 commensalism. mutualism. predation. parasitism. 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 The symbiotic relationship between a flower and the insect that feeds on its nectar is an example of 1. mutualism because the flower provides the insect with food and the insect pollinates the flower. parasitism because the insect lives off the nectar from the flower. commensalism because the insect does not harm the flower and the flower does not benefit from the relationship. predation because the insect feeds on the flower. 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 A predator can increase the numbers of certain species in its habitat by 1. killing and eating the competitors of other species. living symbiotically with other species. avoiding certain prey species. crowding out the species it does not eat. 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 The series of predictable changes that occurs in a community over time is called 1. population growth. 2. ecological succession. 3. climax community. 4. climate change. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 Primary succession can begin after 1. a forest fire. 2. a lava flow. 3. farm land is abandoned. 4. a severe storm. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 What is one difference between primary and secondary succession? 1. Primary succession is slow and secondary succession is rapid. Secondary succession begins on soil and primary succession begins on newly exposed surfaces. Primary succession modifies the environment and secondary succession does not. Secondary succession begins with lichens and primary succession begins with trees. 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 Which factor(s) can influence continual change in an ecosystem? 1. further disturbances 2. long-term climate changes 3. introduction of nonnative species 4. all of the above 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 Which of the following occurs during the ecological succession of an ecosystem? 1. An ecosystem reaches a final, unchanging stage. Changes occur that are caused by organisms outside the ecosystem. Living organisms modify their environment a little at a time. Parts of communities split off to form new communities. 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 Which is a factor that could interrupt the progress of succession? 1. colonization of surfaces by lichens 2. different animals appearing at each stage 3. another natural disturbance 4. long-term fluctuations in climate 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 2 25% 3 25% 4 Climate conditions in a small area that differ significantly from the climate of the surrounding area are called 25% 25% 25% 25% 1. natural features. 2. microclimates. 3. biomes. 4. ecosystems. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 An example of a place with a microclimate is 1. a mountain range capped with ice. 2. a forested park in a desert city. 3. an orchid growing in a rain forest. 4. coniferous trees in a temperate forest. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 Which of the following can influence the climate in a small area within a biome? 1. the average temperature and precipitation the latitude of the biome natural features such as a lake the greenhouse effect 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 Which biome is characterized by very low temperatures, little precipitation, and permafrost? 25% 25% 25% 25% 1. desert 2. temperate forest 3. tundra 4. tropical dry forest 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 Which two biomes have the least amount of precipitation? 1. tropical rain forest and temperate grassland tropical savanna and tropical dry forest tundra and desert boreal forest and temperate woodland and shrubland 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 A biome is identified by its particular set of abiotic factors and its 1. average precipitation and temperature. characteristic ecological community. distance from the equator. specific geographical location. 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 Which animal would be found in the biome that has cold to moderate winters, warm summers, fertile soils, and is home to a variety of vegetation, such as coniferous trees, broadleaf deciduous trees, flowering shrubs, and ferns? 1. 2. 3. 4. 1 whitetail deer polar bear iguana moose 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 2 25% 3 25% 4 Aquatic ecosystems are classified by all of the following EXCEPT 1. depth and flow of the water. 2. temperature of the water. 3. organisms that live there. 4. chemistry of the water. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 The chemistry of aquatic ecosystems is determined by the 1. amount of salts, nutrients, and oxygen dissolved in the water. the number of other organisms present in the water. amount of rainfall the water receives. biotic and abiotic factors in the water. 2. 3. 4. 25% 1 1 2 3 4 5 25% 2 25% 3 25% 4 Which one of the following statements is NOT true of freshwater wetlands? 1. Freshwater wetlands include bogs, marshes, and swamps. 2. Water may be present near the surface of the soil for part of the year. 3. The water in freshwater wetlands is always brackish. 4. Wetlands are important breeding grounds for migratory birds. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 Ponds and lakes are 1. flowing-water ecosystems. 2. wetlands. 3. standing-water ecosystems. 4. estuaries. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 Which is NOT an adaptation that organisms have for living in flowing water? 1. hooks 2. tentacles 3. streamlined bodies 4. suckers 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 Which is one way a wetland ecosystem differs from a standing-water ecosystem? 1. Water circulates in a standing-water ecosystem but not in a wetland. Wetlands are nesting areas for birds, but standing-water ecosystems are not. Water does not always cover a wetland as it does a standing-water ecosystem. Wetlands are salty, but standing-water ecosystems are fresh. 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 The photic zone 1. extends to the bottom of the open ocean. extends to a depth of about 200 meters. is deep, cold, and permanently dark. is where chemosynthetic bacteria are the producers. 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 25% 2 3 25% 4 Which of the following statements is NOT true about the open ocean? 1. The open ocean has very low levels of nutrients. Organisms in the deep ocean are exposed to frigid temperatures and total darkness. The open ocean begins at the lowtide mark and extends to the end of the continental shelf. Most of the photosynthetic activity on Earth occurs in the open ocean within the photic zone. 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 25% 1 25% 2 25% 3 25% 4 Which organism lives where it is sometimes submerged and routinely exposed to air, heat, battering waves, and strong currents? 25% 25% 25% 25% 1. sea star 2. tube worm 3. dolphin 4. whale 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 Earth’s natural “insulating blanket” is the biosphere. _________________________ 1. True 2. False 1 2 3 4 50% 5 1 50% 2 The greenhouse effect occurs when carbon dioxide and other gases prevent heat energy from leaving the atmosphere. _________________________ 1. True 2. False 1 2 3 4 50% 5 1 50% 2 Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor trap light energy. _________________________ 1. True 50% 50% 2. False 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 The amount, intensity, and duration of sunlight striking Earth vary with latitude. _________________________ 1. True 50% 50% 2. False 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 A symbiotic relationship between organisms in which one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed is mutualism. ______________________________ 1. True 2. False 1 2 3 4 50% 5 1 50% 2 An existing community is gradually replaced by another community in an ecological succession. _________________________ 1. True 50% 50% 2. False 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 Palm trees and shrubs around a small pool of water in the middle of a barren desert is an example of an ecosystem. _________________________ 1. True 2. False 1 2 3 4 50% 5 1 50% 2 The temperate forest biome is typically warmer and has more rainfall than the boreal forest biome. _________________________ 1. True 2. False 1 2 3 4 50% 5 1 50% 2 The tropical rain forest is characterized by a wet season and a dry season. _________________________ 1. True 50% 50% 2. False 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 Tall, perennial grasses and herds of grazing herbivores are inhabitants of the desert biome. ______________________________ 1. True 2. False 1 2 3 4 50% 5 1 50% 2 The depth of the water in an aquatic ecosystem determines the amount of oxygen that living things receive there. ____________________ 1. True 2. False 1 2 3 4 50% 5 1 50% 2 The single-cell algae that grow in lakes and ponds are zooplankton. ______________________________ 1. True 50% 50% 2. False 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 As a flowing-water ecosystem travels downhill from its origin, the water flow typically changes from a turbulent current to slow meanders. _________________________ 1. True 2. False 1 2 3 4 50% 5 1 50% 2 The zones of the marine biome are determined by light penetration, distance from shore, and depth. _________________________ 1. True 2. False 1 2 3 4 50% 5 1 50% 2 The coastal ocean zone and estuaries are alike in that both are important as breeding and nesting areas for birds. _________________________ 1. True 2. False 1 2 3 4 50% 5 1 50% 2 Participant Scores 0 0 Participant 1 Participant 2 0 0 0 Participant 3 Participant 4 Participant 5 The energy of incoming ____________________ drives Earth’s weather and helps to determine climate. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Weather differs from ____________________ in that weather can change on a daily basis and is not considered a description of year-to-year conditions of temperature and precipitation. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Average year-after-year conditions are to climate as day-to-day atmospheric conditions are to _________________. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Atmospheric gases that trap heat inside Earth’s atmosphere are called ____________________ gases. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Figure 4–1 According to Figure 4–1, the north polar zone lies above ____________________ latitude. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 As shown in Figure 4–1, the climate zone that receives the most direct sunlight throughout the year lies between ____________________ and ____________________ latitudes. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Organisms within an ecosystem are ____________________ factors in that ecosystem. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Over time, some plants growing in an area are crowded out by other plants. The new plants use up water and nutrients needed by the previous plants. The disappearance of the first plants is due to ______________________________. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 A small city park that is sunnier and windier than the climate of the surrounding areas has its own _________________________. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Mild, moist air from the Pacific Ocean and giant redwood trees characterize the ______________________________. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 An aquatic environment’s water ____________________ refers to the amount of dissolved salts, nutrients, and oxygen in the water. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 The abiotic factor used to determine the climate of an area that has the least effect on aquatic ecosystems is ____________________. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 A swamp is different from a lake as a freshwater ecosystem because a swamp is a ____________________ ecosystem. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Photosynthesis is limited to the well-lit upper layer of the ocean, which scientists refer to as the ____________________ zone. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Coral reefs cannot survive more than 40 meters below the ocean surface because of their ________________________ relationship with algae. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 List five factors that contribute to global climate patterns. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 How are atmospheric gases like the glass in a greenhouse? 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 What are greenhouse gases? 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Figure 4–1 Using Figure 4–1, describe a climate you might find at 10°N latitude. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Using Figure 4–1, explain why average temperatures decrease with increasing distance from the equator. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Explain why the food that a bullfrog eats is considered a part of its niche. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 List three biotic and three abiotic factors that determine the survival of a rabbit in a temperate forest. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 How is mutualism similar to and different from commensalism? 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 What is an ecological resource? 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Explain why plants do not participate in the succession of a whale-fall community as they do in land-ecosystem succession. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Describe an important role that pioneer species play in primary succession. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Deserts vary greatly depending on elevation and latitude. What characteristic do all deserts share? 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 What are the three main factors that govern aquatic ecosystems? 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Why are hooks and suckers not typically found in organisms inhabiting standingwater ecosystems? 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 What criteria are used for determining ocean zones? 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Explain how ocean currents originate and affect Earth’s climates. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Describe the greenhouse effect and explain how it maintains Earth’s temperature range. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Predict how the tropical rain forest and desert biomes would change if Earth were 30 degrees Celsius cooler than it is today. What phenomenon keeps this from happening? 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Describe Earth’s main climate zones and explain how latitude affects these climate zones. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Name and define the three main classes of symbiotic relationships. Give examples of each. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Describe the stages of primary succession in land environments, including lichens, mosses, grasses, shrubs, and trees. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 What is a microclimate? Give an example 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Explain why there are no tall trees in the tundra biome. What are some of the biotic and abiotic phenomena that exist in the tundra? 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 Why does a flowing-water ecosystem often support little plant life at its source? Describe how the ecosystem changes to support organisms as it flows 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5 List the six main zones of the marine biome. Explain how these zones are differentiated. 1 2 3 4 5 0 of 5