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Transcript
Warm-up Activity Put your address in the top right hand corner of your paper. Be as specific as you can Now lets get more specific: Include all the parts of your address (as is you were telling a person from another world). Ecology Principles of Ecology Communities and Biomes Population Biology Biological Diversity & Conversation Ecology Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology What is Ecology? Abiotic and Biotic Factors Objectives TLW be introduced to the field of Ecology. TLW: Identify key biotic and abiotic factors in the environment. Vocabulary Focus Ecology Biosphere Ecosystem Abiotic factors Biotic Factors What is Ecology? THE STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AN ORGANISM AND ITS’ ENVIRONMENT Where are all living things found? On Earth, living things are found in the air, on land, and in both fresh water and salt water. Biosphere The part of Earth that supports life Lithosphere -Top portion of Earth's crust Hydrosphere - All the waters that cover Earth's surface. Atmosphere – Portion that surrounds Earth The biosphere, like the human body, is made up of systems that interact and are dependent on each other. Ecosystem The biosphere’s systems are called ECOSYSTEMS. All the organisms living in an area and the nonliving features of their environment • Biotic – living • Abiotic – nonliving Biotic factors: all living organisms that inhabit an environment. Like….plants… And animals… Abiotic factors are non-living parts of the environment. This includes…water Light…is abiotic… Temperature…is abiotic Air…or wind…is abiotic Soil….which is made up of…clay…which is important because it helps hold water in soil. Soil is made up of rocks…little pieces that are broken down by weathering…and …sand…silt and Summary Biotic Factors: Abiotic Factors: non-living things in the environment such as: Water, Light, Air & Wind, Soil, Temperature. Ecosystem: All living things the location of specific abiotic and biotic factors. Ecology: The study of the relationship between abiotic and biotic factors. Today’s Assignment Abiotic and Biotic Factors Venn Diagram activity. Draw a Venn Diagram in your I-Notebook (left-hand side) Label one circle Abiotic and one circle Biotic At your table, categorize the following words as either abiotic or biotic (be sure to write the words in the appropriate circle of your Venn diagram.) Whale Paper Aluminum Sand Corpse Steak Salad Hair Finger Nails Cotton Fabric Clock Glass Air Clouds Snail Pork Chops Water Pipe Wooden Ruler Grapes Plastic Gold Wool Plant Fish Bread Characteristics of Living things At the bottom of your Venn Diagram list the 6 characteristics that all living things have in common…...brainstorm with your table….see if you can come up with all 6 that we discussed last semester. Characteristics of living things Adapt and Evolve Organization Grow and Develop Reproduce Adjust to environment Respiration Homework – due tomorrow Make a list of abiotic and biotic factors in your home. As many as you can see…..Left- hand activity Abiotic Biotic Ticket out the door Period 1: In your own words summarize what makes an object abiotic or biotic. Ticket out the door Periods 3, 4, and 5: Explain the relationship between abiotic and biotic factors in an ecosystem, and speculate what would happen if one disappeared. Warm-up Activity Think about your favorite outdoor spot. In your I-notebook (left hand side) list all the things that you would find there. After you have made your list, categorize each item as abiotic or biotic. Biological Organization Objectives TLW: be able to describe how a population differs from a species. TLW differentiate among the levels of organization in an ecosystem. TLW analyze and explain the connections of organisms in an ecosystem. Vocabulary Organism Population Community Habitat Niche Review word: Species How are each of these pictures related? Organism/Species Organism: an individual living thing. Species: a classification group for organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring Population All the organisms in an ecosystem that belong to the same species (biotic) Population-many of one kind of species. Community All the populations in an ecosystem (biotic) Communitymany different populations together in an ecosystem. Habitat The place in which an organism lives provides the kinds of food and shelter, the temperature, and the amount of moisture the organism needs to survive The snake’s “habitat” is under a rock! A bird’s habitat is usually a nest. What’s a spider’s habitat? Niche A plant's or animal's ecological niche is a way of life that is unique to that species. How an organism meets its specific needs for food and shelter, how and where it survives, and where it reproduces. Niche Niche and habitat are not the same. While many species may share a habitat, this is not true of a niche. Each plant and animal species is a member of a community, and the niche describes the species' role or function within this community. Show me what you know For the following words what would be the level of organization Example: Students – species/organism Multiple studentsStudents, principal, teacher – School – Earth - Show me what you know For the following words what would be the level of organization Example: Students – species/organism Multiple students- population Students, principal, teacher – community School – ecosystem Earth - biosphere Today’s In-Class Assignment Ecology card sort (10 minutes): Work in groups of 2 Collect 1 envelope per group Using the cards match a picture with the word and definition of word. Create an ecosystem (10 minutes): Using the following organisms: honeybee, sunflowers, earthworms, red-winged blackbirds, and moles, draw a possible ecosystem. Label at least three interactions Warm-up Activity Identify the abiotic and biotic factors in the following picture. This week at a glance Monday: Tuesday: Food chains and food webs; writing assignment; 2.1 study guide due; 2.2 active reading strategy due; study for quiz. Thursday: Energy in an ecosystem; complete graphic organizer, Active reading strategies section 2.2. Wednesday: community interactions; summarize section 2.1 notes; complete graphic organizer; 2.1 study guide. Substitute; 2.1 quiz, worksheet packet due friday Friday: Owl Pellet lab activity Community Interactions Symbiotic relationships Objectives TLW: Identify interactions that occur within communities. Vocabulary Focus Symbiosis Mutalism Commensalism Parasitism Symbiosis Symbiosis means living together (a close and permanent association between organisms). Three kinds of symbiosis are recognized: Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism Commensalism One species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor benefited. Mutualism Both species benefit from the relationship. Parasitism A member of one species derives benefit at the expense of another species. $2.00 Summary Summarize all notes from section 2.1 (Thursday, Friday, and Today) Be prepared to share!!! Today’s assignment Complete Symbiosis graphic organizer (put on the left-hand side of your Inotebook). HW: 2.1 Study guide due Wed. Warm-up Activity Take the first five minutes of class and update the table of contents in your Inotebook and finish any homework from yesterday. Reminders Due today: 2.1 study guide Active Reading Strategy 2.2 Quiz tomorrow: section 2.1 Ecology Energy Flow Objectives • TLW: Identify the sources of energy for all life processes. • TLW examine how energy flows through an ecosystem. Vocabulary Focus • Autotroph • Producer • Heterotroph • Consumer • Decomposer • Food Chain • Food web Energy Flow/Feeding Relationships All ecosystems contain producers, consumers and decomposers. Producers (Autotrophs) • Organisms that make their own food ex. Plants, some bacteria, some protista Consumers (Heterotrophs) • Organisms that eat producers or other consumers. – Herbivore – eats plants (ex. Cow, elephant) – Carnivore – eats herbivores, omnivores and/or carnivores (ex. Killer whale, hyena) – Omnivore – eats producers, herbivores, and/or carnivores – (ex. Bear, chimpanzees, humans) "I MUST BE A HETEROTROPH, I CAN'T SYNTHESIZE THESE !!" "What shall I eat today...meat or veggies....." Decomposers • Are consumers that breakdown and consume dead organisms and wastes. • Recycle nutrients back into biosphere (ex. Bacteria, mushrooms) Ecology Food Chains and Food Webs Food chain • A Food Chain: is a • • feeding relationship from consumer to producer Each organism in a food chain represents a feeding step, or Trophic level. The trophic level also indicates the amount of energy being passed onto the next step. • Example: – The algae and plants are the producers. – The aquatic crustaceans are primary consumers – they eat the producers. – Fish are secondary consumers – they eat the primary consumers. – The raccoons represent a 3rd level of consumer. Food Web Food Webs • A food web is a series of interrelated food chains which provides a more accurate picture of the feeding relationships in an ecosystem, as more than one thing will usually eat a particular species. Warm-up Activity • Complete Handout. (5 minutes) Ecology Ecological Pyramids Objectives • TLW: Evaluate the efficiency of energy transfer among organisms in an ecosystem. Vocabulary • Trophic level (review) • Ecological Pyramids • Biomass Review of Energy Flow in Food Chains & Food Webs • Most food chains have no more than four or five links. There cannot be too many links in a single food chain because the animals at the end of the chain would not get enough food (and hence energy) to stay alive. Review of Energy Flow in Food Chains & Food Webs Most animals are part of more than one food Chain and eat more than one kind of food in order to meet their food and energy requirements. These interconnected food Chains form a food web. Ecological Pyramids • An ecological pyramid is a diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or food web. carnivores Heterotrophs Autotrophs herbivores producers Ecological Pyramids • Ecologists recognize three different types of ecological pyramids: – Energy pyramids – Biomass pyramids – Pyramids of numbers Energy Pyramid • Only about 10% of the energy available within one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next trophic level. Biomass Pyramid • The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called biomass. • A biomass pyramid represents the total amount of potential food available for each trophic level in an ecosystem. Pyramid of Numbers • Based on the numbers of individual organisms at each trophic level. Show me what you know 1. In the diagram below, the coyote would be considered a _____. A. herbivore B. third-order consumer C. second-order consumer D. decomposer Show me what you know 1. In the diagram below, the coyote would be considered a _____. A. herbivore B. third-order consumer C. second-order consumer D. decomposer Show me what you know 2. Referring to the diagram below, energy flows from _____. A. coyotes to grasses C. mice to cats B. cats to mice D. coyotes to cats Show me what you know 2. Referring to the diagram below, energy flows from _____. A. coyotes to grasses C. mice to cats B. cats to mice D. coyotes to cats Show me what you know 3. Referring to the diagram below, as matter and energy move from grasses to coyotes, the amount of available energy _____. A. increases C. decreases then increases B. decreases D. increases then decreases Show me what you know 3. Referring to the diagram below, as matter and energy move from grasses to coyotes, the amount of available energy _____. A. increases C. decreases then increases B. decreases D. increases then decreases Show me what you know 4. Referring to the diagram below, suppose 10,000 units of energy are available at the level of the grasses. What is the total number of energy units lost by the time energy reaches the coyote? A. 90 units C. 990 units B. 9900 units D. 9990 units Show me what you know 4. Referring to the diagram below, suppose 10,000 units of energy are available at the level of the grasses. What is the total number of energy units lost by the time energy reaches the coyote? A. 90 units C. 990 units B. 9900 units D. 9990 units