Download Ecology

Warm-up Activity
 Put
your address in the top right hand
corner of your paper. Be as specific as
you can
Now lets get more specific:

Include all the parts of your address (as
is you were telling a person from another
world).
Ecology
Principles of Ecology
Communities and Biomes
Population Biology
Biological Diversity &
Conversation
Ecology
Chapter 2: Principles of
Ecology
What is Ecology?
Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Objectives
 TLW
be introduced to the field of Ecology.
 TLW: Identify key biotic and abiotic factors
in the environment.
Vocabulary Focus
 Ecology
 Biosphere
 Ecosystem
 Abiotic
factors
 Biotic Factors
What is Ecology?
THE STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN AN ORGANISM AND
ITS’ ENVIRONMENT
Where are all living
things found?
On Earth, living things are found in the air, on
land, and in both fresh water and salt water.
Biosphere
 The




part of Earth that supports life
Lithosphere -Top portion of Earth's
crust
Hydrosphere - All the waters that
cover Earth's surface.
Atmosphere – Portion that surrounds
Earth
The biosphere, like the human body, is made
up of systems that interact and are
dependent on each other.
Ecosystem
 The
biosphere’s systems are called
ECOSYSTEMS.
 All the organisms living in an area and
the nonliving features of their
environment
• Biotic – living
• Abiotic – nonliving
Biotic factors: all living
organisms that inhabit an
environment.
Like….plants…
And animals…
Abiotic factors
are non-living
parts of the
environment.
This
includes…water
Light…is abiotic…
Temperature…is abiotic
Air…or wind…is abiotic
Soil….which is made up
of…clay…which is important
because it helps hold water in soil.
Soil is made up of
rocks…little
pieces that are
broken down by
weathering…and
…sand…silt and
Summary

Biotic Factors:


Abiotic Factors:


non-living things in the environment such as: Water,
Light, Air & Wind, Soil, Temperature.
Ecosystem:


All living things
the location of specific abiotic and biotic factors.
Ecology:

The study of the relationship between abiotic and
biotic factors.
Today’s Assignment
 Abiotic
and Biotic Factors Venn Diagram
activity.



Draw a Venn Diagram in your I-Notebook
(left-hand side)
Label one circle Abiotic and one circle Biotic
At your table, categorize the following words
as either abiotic or biotic (be sure to write the
words in the appropriate circle of your Venn
diagram.)
Whale
Paper
Aluminum
Sand
Corpse
Steak
Salad
Hair
Finger Nails
Cotton Fabric
Clock
Glass
Air
Clouds
Snail
Pork Chops
Water
Pipe
Wooden Ruler
Grapes
Plastic
Gold
Wool
Plant
Fish
Bread
Characteristics of Living things
 At
the bottom of your Venn Diagram list
the 6 characteristics that all living things
have in common…...brainstorm with your
table….see if you can come up with all 6
that we discussed last semester.
Characteristics of living things
 Adapt
and Evolve
 Organization
 Grow and Develop
 Reproduce
 Adjust to environment
 Respiration
Homework – due tomorrow

Make a list of abiotic
and biotic factors in
your home. As many
as you can
see…..Left- hand
activity
Abiotic
Biotic
Ticket out the door
 Period

1:
In your own words summarize what makes an
object abiotic or biotic.
Ticket out the door
 Periods

3, 4, and 5:
Explain the relationship between abiotic and
biotic factors in an ecosystem, and speculate
what would happen if one disappeared.
Warm-up Activity
 Think
about your favorite outdoor spot. In
your I-notebook (left hand side) list all the
things that you would find there. After you
have made your list, categorize each item
as abiotic or biotic.
Biological
Organization
Objectives
 TLW:
be able to describe how a population
differs from a species.
 TLW differentiate among the levels of
organization in an ecosystem.
 TLW analyze and explain the connections
of organisms in an ecosystem.
Vocabulary
 Organism
 Population
 Community
 Habitat
 Niche
 Review
word: Species
How are each of these
pictures related?
Organism/Species

Organism: an
individual living
thing.
 Species: a
classification
group for
organisms that are
closely related and
can mate to
produce fertile
offspring
Population
 All
the organisms in an
ecosystem that belong to the
same species (biotic)
Population-many of one kind of species.
Community
 All
the populations in an
ecosystem (biotic)
Communitymany different
populations
together in an
ecosystem.
Habitat
The
place in which an
organism lives

provides the kinds of food and
shelter, the temperature, and the
amount of moisture the organism
needs to survive
The snake’s
“habitat” is under a
rock!
A bird’s habitat is
usually a nest.
What’s a spider’s habitat?
Niche
 A plant's
or animal's ecological niche is a
way of life that is unique to that species.

How an organism meets its specific needs for
food and shelter, how and where it survives,
and where it reproduces.
Niche
 Niche
and habitat are not the same. While
many species may share a habitat, this is
not true of a niche.
 Each plant and animal species is a
member of a community, and the niche
describes the species' role or function
within this community.
Show me what you know
 For
the following words what would be the
level of organization





Example: Students – species/organism
Multiple studentsStudents, principal, teacher –
School –
Earth -
Show me what you know
 For
the following words what would be the
level of organization





Example: Students – species/organism
Multiple students- population
Students, principal, teacher – community
School – ecosystem
Earth - biosphere
Today’s In-Class Assignment

Ecology card sort (10 minutes):




Work in groups of 2
Collect 1 envelope per group
Using the cards match a picture with the word and
definition of word.
Create an ecosystem (10 minutes):


Using the following organisms: honeybee, sunflowers,
earthworms, red-winged blackbirds, and moles, draw
a possible ecosystem.
Label at least three interactions
Warm-up Activity
Identify the abiotic and biotic factors in the
following picture.
This week at a glance

Monday:


Tuesday:


Food chains and food webs; writing assignment; 2.1 study guide
due; 2.2 active reading strategy due; study for quiz.
Thursday:


Energy in an ecosystem; complete graphic organizer, Active
reading strategies section 2.2.
Wednesday:


community interactions; summarize section 2.1 notes; complete
graphic organizer; 2.1 study guide.
Substitute; 2.1 quiz, worksheet packet due friday
Friday:

Owl Pellet lab activity
Community Interactions
Symbiotic relationships
Objectives
 TLW:
Identify interactions that occur within
communities.
Vocabulary Focus
 Symbiosis
 Mutalism
 Commensalism
 Parasitism
Symbiosis


Symbiosis means living together (a close and
permanent association between organisms).
Three kinds of symbiosis are recognized:
 Mutualism
 Commensalism
 Parasitism
Commensalism

One species benefits
and the other species
is neither harmed nor
benefited.
Mutualism

Both species benefit from the relationship.
Parasitism

A member of one species derives benefit at
the expense of another species.
$2.00 Summary
 Summarize


all notes from section 2.1
(Thursday, Friday, and Today)
Be prepared to share!!!
Today’s assignment
 Complete
Symbiosis graphic organizer
(put on the left-hand side of your Inotebook).
 HW: 2.1 Study guide due Wed.
Warm-up Activity
 Take
the first five minutes of class and
update the table of contents in your Inotebook and finish any homework from
yesterday.
Reminders
 Due


today:
2.1 study guide
Active Reading Strategy 2.2
 Quiz
tomorrow: section 2.1
Ecology
Energy Flow
Objectives
• TLW: Identify the sources of energy for all
life processes.
• TLW examine how energy flows through
an ecosystem.
Vocabulary Focus
• Autotroph
• Producer
• Heterotroph
• Consumer
• Decomposer
• Food Chain
• Food web
Energy Flow/Feeding Relationships
All ecosystems contain producers, consumers
and decomposers.
Producers (Autotrophs)
• Organisms that make their own food
ex. Plants, some bacteria, some protista
Consumers (Heterotrophs)
• Organisms that eat producers or other
consumers.
– Herbivore – eats plants (ex. Cow, elephant)
– Carnivore – eats herbivores, omnivores and/or
carnivores (ex. Killer whale, hyena)
– Omnivore – eats producers, herbivores, and/or
carnivores – (ex. Bear, chimpanzees, humans)
"I MUST BE A HETEROTROPH, I CAN'T SYNTHESIZE THESE !!"
"What shall I eat today...meat or veggies....."
Decomposers
• Are consumers that breakdown and
consume dead organisms and wastes.
• Recycle nutrients back into biosphere
(ex. Bacteria, mushrooms)
Ecology
Food Chains and Food Webs
Food chain
• A Food Chain: is a
•
•
feeding relationship
from consumer to
producer
Each organism in a
food chain represents
a feeding step, or
Trophic level.
The trophic level also
indicates the amount
of energy being
passed onto the next
step.
• Example:
– The algae and plants
are the producers.
– The aquatic
crustaceans are
primary consumers
– they eat the
producers.
– Fish are secondary
consumers – they
eat the primary
consumers.
– The raccoons
represent a 3rd level of
consumer.
Food Web
Food Webs
• A food web is a series of interrelated food
chains which provides a more accurate picture of
the feeding relationships in an ecosystem, as
more than one thing will usually eat a particular
species.
Warm-up Activity
• Complete Handout. (5 minutes)
Ecology
Ecological Pyramids
Objectives
• TLW: Evaluate the efficiency of energy
transfer among organisms in an
ecosystem.
Vocabulary
• Trophic level (review)
• Ecological Pyramids
• Biomass
Review of Energy Flow in Food
Chains & Food Webs
• Most food chains have
no more than four or five
links.
There cannot be too
many links in a single
food chain because the
animals at the end of the
chain would not get
enough food (and hence
energy) to stay alive.
Review of Energy Flow in Food
Chains & Food Webs
Most animals are part
of more than one food
Chain and eat more
than one kind of food in
order to meet their food
and energy
requirements.
These interconnected food
Chains form a food web.
Ecological Pyramids
• An ecological pyramid
is a diagram that
shows the relative
amounts of energy or
matter contained
within each trophic
level in a food chain
or food web.
carnivores
Heterotrophs
Autotrophs
herbivores
producers
Ecological Pyramids
• Ecologists recognize three different types
of ecological pyramids:
– Energy pyramids
– Biomass pyramids
– Pyramids of numbers
Energy Pyramid
• Only about
10% of the
energy
available
within one
trophic level
is transferred
to organisms
at the next
trophic level.
Biomass Pyramid
• The total amount of
living tissue within a
given trophic level is
called biomass.
• A biomass pyramid
represents the total
amount of potential
food available for
each trophic level in
an ecosystem.
Pyramid of Numbers
• Based on the
numbers of individual
organisms at each
trophic level.
Show me what you know
1. In the diagram below, the coyote would be
considered a _____.
A. herbivore
B. third-order consumer
C. second-order consumer
D. decomposer
Show me what you know
1. In the diagram below, the coyote would be
considered a _____.
A. herbivore
B. third-order consumer
C. second-order consumer
D. decomposer
Show me what you know
2. Referring to the diagram below, energy
flows from _____.
A. coyotes to grasses C. mice to cats
B. cats to mice
D. coyotes to cats
Show me what you know
2. Referring to the diagram below, energy
flows from _____.
A. coyotes to grasses C. mice to cats
B. cats to mice
D. coyotes to cats
Show me what you know
3. Referring to the diagram below, as matter and energy
move from grasses to coyotes, the amount of available
energy _____.
A. increases
C. decreases then increases
B. decreases
D. increases then decreases
Show me what you know
3. Referring to the diagram below, as matter and energy
move from grasses to coyotes, the amount of available
energy _____.
A. increases
C. decreases then increases
B. decreases
D. increases then decreases
Show me what you know
4. Referring to the diagram below, suppose 10,000 units of
energy are available at the level of the grasses. What is
the total number of energy units lost by the time energy
reaches the coyote?
A. 90 units
C. 990 units
B. 9900 units
D. 9990 units
Show me what you know
4. Referring to the diagram below, suppose 10,000 units of
energy are available at the level of the grasses. What is
the total number of energy units lost by the time energy
reaches the coyote?
A. 90 units
C. 990 units
B. 9900 units
D. 9990 units