Download Traits of Life PPT

Introduction to Biology
Spring 2015
Essential Question
•What are the traits
that make
something alive?
Biology
• Bio-: life
• -logy: study of
• Biology: study of living thing
• Living things are called organisms.
Living things are
called organisms.
1. There are 21 organisms in
the graphic.
2. Can you find them?
1) There are 21
organisms in
the graphic.
2) Can you find
them?
Spirogyra
Paramecium
Amoeba
Bacteria
Volvox
Living things are
called organisms.
1. Arrange them in 5 groups.
2. Name each group.
5 Kingdoms of Life
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protists
Eubacteria
Archaea
Bacteria
TRAITS OF LIFE
What are some traits that ALL
living things share?
1.
2.
3.
4.
All species reproduce.
All living things grow and develop.
All living things obtain and use energy.
All living things are made up of one or
more cells.
5. All living things respond to stimuli.
6. All living things maintain an internal
balance.
What are some traits that ALL
living things share?
GO BACK AND COMPARE THE ORIGINAL LIST TO THE 6
TRAITS WE JUST LEARNED.
Which were the same? Different? Why?
Trait #1
All species reproduce.
(Doesn’t have to be every single organism in
that species)
True or False?
Reproduction requires
two organisms.
FALSE!
ONE bacteria can split into two!
A hydra “buds” to make
another.
And if you cut a starfish in
half it will regenerate into
TWO starfish!
These are examples of
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION.
• Asexual Reproduction: one parent creates a
new organism with identical genetic information
(NO sperm or egg)
– A-: not
– -sexual: involving two parents
Budding
Binary Fission
True or False?
Sexual reproduction
requires
sexual intercourse.
FALSE!
This is a sea urchin…
Sea urchins release sperm and
egg into the water.
Sexual Reproduction:
two parents create a new
organism by combining their
genetic material
(usually via sperm and egg)
With asexual
reproduction offspring
will inherit the same
exact traits as their
parents.
With sexual
reproduction,
offspring will differ from
their parents in some
ways because they will
be inheriting DNA from
both the sperm and
egg.
Trait #2
All living things
grow and develop.
Growth is getting larger as
cells divide to form more
cells.
Development is change in
form or function.
Embryonic Stem Cells
Development
Trait #3
All living things
get energy and use energy.
The _____ is the primary
source of energy for almost
everything on Earth.
How does each of these
organisms GET energy?
And how do they USE energy?
Autotroph: An organism that
uses light or chemicals to make
its own food
(PHOTOSYNTHESIS).
Heterotroph: An organism that eats
other organisms to obtain energy.
• Energy from food must be broken down
during chemical reactions into a form that
cells can use (CELLULAR
RESPIRATION).
Trait #4
All living things
are made of
one or more cells.
Just like a house is made
of bricks…
Organisms are made of
cells…
Unicellular Organisms
• Unicellular: single-celled organism
– Uni-: one
– -cellular: made up of cells
– Ex.: bacteria and protists
bacteria
protists
Multicellular Organisms
• Multicellular: organism made up of 2 or
more cells
– Multi-: many, several
– Ex.: plants, animals, fungi
plants
animals
fungi
Unicellular or Multicellular?
A
B
Trait #5
All living things
respond to stimuli.
Response to Stimuli
• A stimulus is
anything that
causes a
response in an
organism.
• What is the stimulus?
• Stimuli can be
• What is the
internal or external.
response?
• Ex: A pupil gets
• How is this helpful?
smaller in bright
light.
A Venus fly-trap closes when a
fly lands on it.
• What is the
stimulus?
• What is the
response?
• How does this help
it?
Trait #6
All living things
maintain internal balance
(HOMEOSTASIS)
(of things like water, sugar, temperature).
Homeostasis
If body temperature
drops too low,
shivering produces
heat to warm you up.
If temperature is too
hot, sweating cools
you down.
What internal condition is out of
balance in these photos?
What is the stimulus?
How will the body respond?
not enough
too much
The chart shows four levels organisms. Which statement
correctly describes a level of organization in the human
nervous system?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Nerve cells group to form nerve tissue.
The brain is a group of nervous systems.
The organs of the nervous system form a nerve cell.
The nervous system has two groups of nerve tissues.
Because no organism lives forever, __________ is
necessary in order to prevent extinction of a species.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Development
Growth
Homeostasis
reproduction
Which characteristic is shared by all eukaryotic and
prokaryotic organisms?
a. Ability to store hereditary information
b. Use of organelles to control cell processes
c. Use of cellular respiration for energy release
d. Ability to move in response to environmental
stimuli
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Levels of Organization
•Atoms
smallest
•Molecules
•Organelles
•Cells
•Tissues
•Organs
All of the organelles
function inside the cell just
•Organ System
•Organism largest like organs function within
our bodies.
Atoms
In atoms, the outer
shell of electrons, also
called valence
electrons, likes to be
full with 8 electrons,
oxygen only has 6
Molecules
Two types of atoms can
combine together to
forms a molecule so
that every atom has a
full valance of
electrons.
Organelles
Organelles make up cells and all
have a very specific function.
Cells
Cells: the building blocks of life
Ex: An individual
neuron is a type of
cell that is
differentiated for a
specific function in
the brain.
Tissues
Tissues:
Several of the
same types of
cells working
together to
create tissue
Tissues (nerve tissue)
Organs
Groups of
tissues
form
organs.
Organ (brain)
Organ Systems
•Organs that work
together to perform a
similar function are
called an organ
system.
•
Ex: The digestive
system allows us
to break down food
into smaller parts
that our body can
use.
Organisms
Organism: an individual living thing
Levels of Organization
•Organisms are
grouped even further
into the following
smallest
categories:
–Populations
–Communities
–Ecosystems
–Biosphere
largest
Populations
•Population: a
group of
organisms of the
same species
living in the same
area at the same
time.
Community
Community: all of the
populations of different species in
the same place at the same time.
Ecosystem
•Ecosystem: living
organisms that interact
with each other and the
abiotic factors in a given
area
–Biotic: living things.
•Ex: plants and animals
–Abiotic: non-living
things.
Ex: temperature,
climate, soil, rocks.
Biosphere
•Biosphere: the
life-supporting
portion of Earth.
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Which of these would form first during the
development of a complex multicellular organism,
such as an animal?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cell
Organ
Tissue
Organ system
The picture shows a group of muscle cells in the heart.
All of these muscle cells beat in unison to push blood in
timing with the rhythm of the heart, at the direction of
nearby nerve cells.
These muscle cells could best be called a
a. Organ
b. Tissue
c. Macromolecule
d. Organ system
Based on the organization of living
things, how could we classify the
pollen produced by this flower?
a. An organ that is part of a
system
b. A group of cells that form an
organ
c. Begins as a cell and is part
of a system without organs
d. Begins as a cell, come from
an organ, is part of a system