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Chapter 18 Test Review • What is a reference point? • The object that stays in place in relation to a moving object. • What 3 factors describe motion? • Position, direction of motion, and speed. • What is the equation for acceleration? • Average acceleration = Final velocity - starting velocity time it takes to change velocity • What is the equation for average speed? • Average speed = total distance total time • What factors affect an object’s gravitational force? • Masses of the objects and distance of the objects. • How do you find the net force of an object? • Combine all forces acting on an object. • Compare speed and velocity. • Velocity must have a direction. Both are the distance an object travels divided by the time it takes. • What is the affect of an unbalanced force? A balanced force? • An unbalanced force will cause a change in motion, speed, or direction. A balanced force will not cause change. • When graphing acceleration or speed: what does an upward slope mean, what does a downward slope mean? • Upward slope = increase in acceleration, Downward slope = decrease in acceleration. • Magnetic force: The force that pushes magnets apart or pulls them together. • Motion: object’s change in position relative to a reference point. • Gravity: The force of attraction between objects that is due to their mass. • Friction: a force that always acts to oppose motion. • Electric Force: The force that pushes or pulls charged objects • Speed: the distance traveled over time. • Velocity: distance and direction traveled over time. • Law of Universal Gravitation: idea that all objects in the universe attract each other through gravitational force. • Acceleration: a change in a moving object’s speed or direction. • Force: a push or pull that always acts on an object.