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Kinetic Friction 9.8meters/Sec2 Forces Acting On w= mg Objects Moving and Stopping Mechanisms f= ma Nature of Mass Mass is a Fundamental Property of Matter 1,000 Cubic Centimeters of Water = 1 Kilogram Mass Gravity is force that causes all objects (matter) to accelerate towards each other At a constant rate and with a force proportional to their Mass View of Africa and Saudi Arabia from Apollo 17. Probably the most requested picture of the Earth, this picture was taken by the Apollo 17 astronauts as they left earth orbit en route to the Moon. Taken on Dec. 7, 1972, it was the first time that the trajectory of an Apollo mission enabled a view of the south pole. Objects on the Earth’s Surface accelerate down at a rate = 9.8 Meters per 2 Second View of Africa and Saudi Arabia from Apollo 17. Probably the most requested picture of the Earth, this picture was taken by the Apollo 17 astronauts as they left earth orbit en route to the Moon. Taken on Dec. 7, 1972, it was the first time that the trajectory of an Apollo mission enabled a view of the south pole. All Objects (Matter) Exert a Gravitational Force On One Another Proportional to Their Mass Gravity is the Weakest of the 4 Natural Forces Weight Gravity’s Effect on Mass Weight = Mass x Acceleration of Gravity W(Newtons) = m (kg) g(Meters/Sec ) 2 9.8 (Newtons) =1 (kg) 9.8(Meters/Sec ) 2 Weight is a Force measured in Newtons Magnitude: Relative to the Mass Direction: Center of the Earth Weight is a Force Caused by Gravity Acting on the Mass of an Object N F fs M1 Spring Scale W= mg (W) Weight = 5 kg or 49 Newtons Weight = Mass x Gravity 49 Newtons = 5kg x 9.8m/s/s Newton Provided Insights Into the Nature of Forces Stamp Issued by Germany on Jan. 14, 1993, on his 350th birthday Image Courtesy of University of St.Andrews, Turnbull Server Let’s Look at a Pair of Balanced Forces Acting on a Robot Resting on the Floor The Force of Gravity Acts to Accelerate This Chassis Towards the Earth’s Center The Chassis is undergoing an Acceleration, but it is Not Moving Because the Floor Pushes Up with the SAME Force Newton’s st 1 Law An object with no net force acting on it moves with constant velocity. Force: 20 Newtons Force: 20 Newtons Velocity = 0 Same Force in Opposite Directions There is no NET force on the system and the machines remain stationary Newton’s nd 2 Law The acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. Tractive Force = 20 Newtons Acceleration = 4 meters/sec2 Robot Mass = 5 Kilograms Force = Mass x Acceleration 20N = 5kg x 4m/s2 Newton’s 2cd Law Build Newton’s Cart using the GEARS-IDS components and experiment with Newton’s second law Force Mass Experiment with masses and forces, and their affect on acceleration Using Newton’s Cart 1.) Set the System Up on a High Flat Table 2.) Connect a Masons String from the Cart Through the Pulley 3.) Attach a Weight (Force) to the end of the Pulley Side of the Line 4.) Place a Known Mass on the Cart 5.) Allow the Weight to Drop and Time the Speed of the Cart Over a Known Distance Note: Separate the Cart and Pulley by 2x Table Height Calculate the Acceleration of the Cart Where: D Ca 2 T T Ca= Acceleration of the Cart in meters/sec/sec D = Distance Covered in meters T = Time in seconds Newton’s Third Law When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second exerts a force on the first that is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. Floor Board Rests on Frictionless Bearing Robot Momentum = mass x velocity Robot Momentum = 5 kg x 15 mps = 75 Floor Momentum = mass x velocity Floor Momentum = 15 kg x 5 mps = 75 The rotating wheels push against the floor and propel the robot forward and the floor backwards The End