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Energy Momentum, Collisions, Impulse Momentum A measure of how hard it is to stop a moving object Momentum = (MASS) (VELOCITY) Momentum Equation p= m v Units p= mv = (kg)(meter) = second kg·m s Momentum animations http://physics.weber.edu/amiri/director/Mo mentum.html Momentum Example 1 What is the momentum of an orange with a mass of 0.5kg thrown with a velocity of 5.0 m/s? m = 0.5kg v = 5.0 m/s p = mv = (0.5kg)(5.0 m/s) = 2.5 kg·m s Momentum Example 2 An object with a mass of 3.0 kg is traveling at a velocity of 4.0 m/s . What is its momentum? More momentum examples http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/m echanics/momentum/introductoryProblem s/momentumSummary1.html Conservation of Momentum Newton’s Third Law For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction! To accelerate an object, we must apply force Conservation of Momentum Force(s) must be external Internal forces do not apply E.g. to accelerate a car, do you push on the dashboard? Conservation of Momentum http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/m echanics/momentum/introductoryProblem s/momentumSummary3.html Collisions Net momentum before collision = Net momentum after the collision Elastic Collisions http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/m echanics/momentum/solvers/momentumS olvers1.htm Inelastic Collisions http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/m echanics/momentum/solvers/momentumS olvers1.htm Impulse = force exerted over time Impulse changes momentum Impulse Equation J = (Force) (time) J = Ft = mΔv = Δp = m (v2-v1) = Δp (mass)(change in velocity) = change in momentum Impulse Units J= (Newton) (seconds) J = N·s Force is in Newtons Time is in seconds Impulse Example An 8N force acts on a 5 kg object for 3 seconds. If the initial velocity of the object was 25 m/s, what is its final velocity? F= 8 N m= 5 kg t= 3 s v1 = 25 m/s v2 = ? J = Ft =(8N)(3s) = 24 N·s BUT we need to find v2 ……… Impulse Example J = mΔv = m (v2-v1) = 24 N·s = 5 kg(v2 - 25 m/s) = 24 = 5 v2 - 125 m/s = 125+24= 5 v2 = 149/5 = v2 = 29.8 m/s Impulse problems http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/m echanics/momentum/introductoryProblem s/momentumSummary2.html