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The Crusades Chapter 10 Section 2 Page 264 - 268 Cause of the Crusades In the late 1000’s: Turkish Muslims captured the Holy City of Jerusalem Pilgrims returning to Europe Attacked by Turks Said “No longer safe for Christians!” Turks started to attack the Byzantine Empire (Orthodox) Byzantine emperor ask Pope Urban for help Why: feared that the Turks would attack Constantinople Pope Urban (Catholic) agrees to help “Call to Arms” all Christians all over Europe are called to retake to Holy Land!!! Answer the Call to Arms Pope Urban sends out a challenge to Europe: Kings and Nobles need to stop fighting each other Work together to stop the Turks The Challenge works!! Thousands of people join Popes Army Join the holy army - Crusader Sewed crosses onto their clothing “Marked with the Cross” Marched off to war yelling “God wills it!” Start of First Crusade 1096: 5,000 Crusaders left Europe for the Holy Land Why go on a Crusade? Hoped to save their soul Doing what God wanted God look favorably on them for fighting Wanted land and treasure Looking for adventure Crusade 1-4 Fill-in Chart The End of the Crusades Crusades came to an end 1291 The Muslim Armies took back all of the Holy Land Why did the Crusades fail? To far to travel and many died along the way Crusaders were not prepared to fight in a desert climate Outnumbered by well-led and organized Muslim foes Christian leaders fought among themselves and planned poorly 3 New goods exposed to Europeans: Apricots, Rice, and Cotton Clothing Crusades Change Europe How the Crusades affected the relationship between: Christians and Jews Christians disliked the Jews Jews didn’t trust the Christians Christians and Muslims Christians thought Muslims were non-believers and didn’t like them. Muslims thought that Christians were evil invaders. Review of the Crusades Causes Turks take control of the Holy Land in 1071 Turks threaten Constantinople in the 1090’s Byzantine Emperor asks the Pope for help Effect Trade between Europe and Asia increased Kings become more powerful Tension between Christians, Jews, and Muslims grow