Download CRUSADES - Amphitheater Public Schools

REVIEW Byzantine empire







Who was Constantine in regards to the Byzantine empire?
Who was Justinian and what did he do that was significant?
(ch.3.1)
Who was Cyril and Methodius?
Today
Open your textbook to page 136-137
Read the Storyteller– at look at the fresco on page
137.
Crusade PPT notes
Read “A New Europe” and take notes on work sheet.
CRUSADES
Chapter 4 section 2
Pages 144-146





The Crusades
The Crusades -series of
eight Christian military
expeditions from Europe.
Dates: 1096- 1270
Crusader: To take up the
cross
Motivation: to recapture the
Holy land from the Muslims
Palestine (the Holy Land):
ancient region of southwest
Asia, on east coast of the
Mediterranean
Why the Holy Land is important…



Christians- site of Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection.
Home to original cross and stone of Christ’s tomb. Site
of sacred Church of the Holy Sepulcher. Holds variety
of Christian shrines.
Jews- Torah establishes claim to Holy Land. Believe
Holy land gift from God to Abraham and lot. King
David brought ark containing original Torah here. Site
of King Solomon’s temple
Muslims-Qur’an establishes claim that both Jews and
Arabs are people of Abraham. Believe God’s gift of
Holy land to Abraham meant for Arabs (first Muslims),
too. Site of Muhammad’s ascension into heaven.
First Crusade-A.D.1096
 Three
armies of Crusader Knights
and volunteers traveled from western
Europe to the eastern Mediterranean.
 Many killed Jews and sometimes
massacred entire Jewish
communities.
 This marked the long period of
Christian persecution of Jews.
First Crusade





The three armies met in
Constantinople in A.D. 1097.
In A.D. 1099, the 3 armies finally
made it to the holy city, after a
rough trek through the desert.
After a two month siege,
Jerusalem finally fell.
Crusaders killed most of its
Muslim and Jewish inhabitants.
Some stayed to set up feudal
states in Palestine, but many
knights returned home.
Tuesday 10/22/13
RAP

Explain the Crusades. (think about your first part of
your notes from yesterday on Crusades)
Today:
1.
Finish Crusades
2.
Begin reading the rest of Ch.4.2: pages 147-153 and
complete the questions on your hand out.
1.
2.
Complete up to Joan of Arc by Wednesday class!
Ch. 4.2 needs to be completed by Thursday!
Note check on Friday!!!
Third Crusade




Muslim forces- were
united and took
Jerusalem in A.D. 1187.
So King Richard of
England and crusaders
went back to Jerusalem.
This crusade lasted from
1189-1192, and was not
successful.
Although King Richard,
of England, was able to
win many battles, he
was never able to regain
Jerusalem.

Results Peace treaty of
1192 Crusaders were
to keep control
of cities north of
Jaffa.
 Pilgrims were
free to visit holy
places of
Jerusalem.
Fourth Crusade: A.D. 1204



Despite Pope’s opposition,
crusaders attacked Zara,
a Catholic Hungarian city.
Crusaders then sacked
the Byzantine city of
Constantinople.
Muslim quarter and
Christians were attacked.

Results:
 When Greeks
regained the city of
Constantinople in
A.D. 1261, it was
in ruins.
 Permanent split
between Latin and
Greek Christian
churches.
Children’s Crusade

Children and shepherds, laborers, wanderers, and
adults felt they could do something to help.



All believed divine would help them defeat the Muslims.
Philip II of France demanded children return home.
Results:
 Crusade fell apart when children reached Genoa,
Italy
 Some children died while attempting to sail to the
Holy Land
 Many children were sold to Muslim slave markets
 Church claimed tragic fate of children crusaders
was work of the devil.
Impact of the Crusades

Christians exposure to Muslim
culture.
 Feudal structure
weakened.
 Increased use of money
 Kept control of the
Mediterranean
 Greek and Latin churches
permanently split
 Failure of crusades
produced bitter feelings
towards Muslims.

Exchange of Goods
 Exchange of
languages
 Chess traveled to
Europe through
Muslims
 Paper introduced to
Europe through
Muslims
 Muslim arch used in
European cathedrals
 Textile industries
adapted by Muslims
Impact of Crusades

On Exchange of
Ideas
 Muslims adapted
European military
tactics
 Muslim scholarship
(academic works)
circulated
throughout
European
universities as Arabic
works were
translated into Latin.

On Muslims
 Controlled most of
Asia Minor but lost
Spain.
 Political
fragmentation of
Muslim world after
Saladin’s death
 Generally respected
Christians as “People
of the Book.”
“A New Europe”

Please begin reading “European Revival”
on page 147.


As you read please take notes and answer the
questions on your handout.
Complete the whole section—it is DUE
Thursday!  No time on Wednesday to work
on it in class!