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Holy Warriors
The Crusades
1096 - 1291
University of South Alabama
Wayne E. Sirmon, M.A.Ed.
Before The Crusades
1004
Caliph Hakem
confiscated Church
property
1009
Destruction of the
Church of the Holy
Sepulcher
1017
Christian and Jews
have liberties
restored
The Crusades
1095
Council of Clermont (France)
Pope Urban II
Responds to a request from
Byzantine emperor Alexius I for
military assistance against the
Seljuk Turks
Declared Bellum Sacrum
against the Muslims who had
occupied the Holy Land
Deus volt!
“God wills it”
The Crusades
1095
The First Crusade
Regain control of Jerusalem
and the Holy Lands from the
Muslims
1099
Captured Jerusalem
Established the
Kingdom of Jerusalem
The Crusades
Walter the Penniless
Peter the Hermit
and the
People’s Crusade
Capture of Jerusalem
July 15, 1099
"The Crusaders spent at least that
night and the next day killing
Muslims, including all of those in the
al-Aqsa Mosque, where Tancred's
banner should have protected them.
Not even women and children were
spared. The city's Jews sought
refuge in their synagogue, only to be
burned alive within it by the
Crusaders. .... The Europeans also
destroyed the monuments to
Orthodox Christian saints and the
tomb of Abraham."
Taking Jerusalem: Climax of the First
Crusade By J. Arthur McFall
Time Line
Battle of Hattin
July 4, 1187
The beginning of the end
Siege of Jerusalem
Sept. 20 – Oct. 2, 1187
Saladin:
collects ransoms (give 30-50 days to raise the cash)
Provides for safe departure
Europeans raise the 3rd Crusade
The Crusades
Total deaths during Crusades (1096-1270)
are estimated at 1.5 million.
900,000 Moslems deaths
600,000 Christian deaths
10,000 Jewish deaths
Many deaths are attributed to starvation
and disease.
The Crusades
The aftermath
Merchants of Death
Financiers of Death
Strengthening of Church
Organization for Taxation
Slowed spread of Islam
Established forces that led to:
Protestant Reformation (Indulgences)
Discovery of America (blocked trade routes)
Time Line
Meanwhile….
Back in England
Battle of Hastings
Norman Invasion
14 Oct. 1066
Time Line
Meanwhile….
Back in England
Magna Carta
1215
(1216, 1217, 1225, 1297)
Time Line
Meanwhile….
Back in England
Magna Carta
1215
(1216, 1217, 1225, 1297)
Signed by
King John
King Richard
(The Lionhearted)
Crusading 1191-94
Holy Warriors
Knights Templar
The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of
the Temple of Solomon
Holy Warriors
Knights Templar
The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon
1118 - Founded in Jerusalem by 9 knights - King Baldwin II granted quarters
on the Temple Mount
1127 - St. Bernard wrote rule of conduct and promoted Templars
1292 - Fall of Acre - Templar survivors escape to Cyprus
Holy Warriors
Hospitallers
The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order
of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and
of Malta
Holy Warriors
Hospitallers
The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of
Rhodes and of Malta
1048 - (approx. date) establish the Hospital of St. John
1113 - Pope Paschal II grants protection and privileges
1143 - Both humanitarian and military role
1291 - Fall of Acre - relocation to Cyprus
1309 - Capture of Rhodes
1522 - Besieged by 200,000 men, survivors retreated to Sicily
Holy Warriors
Teutonic Knights
Order of the Teutonic House of Mary in
Jerusalem
Holy Warriors
Teutonic Knights
Order of the Teutonic House of Mary in Jerusalem
1190 - A hospital for Germans at Acre
1198 - Becomes a military order (Pope Innocent III)
1211 - Invited into Hungary
1221 - Full privileges granted by Pope Honorius III
1407 - Peak of power and land holding of Teutonic Knights.
1410 - Defeated at Tannenberg
Holy Warriors
Hospitallers
1530 - Malta - assisted in attacks on land
and sea
1798 - surrendered to French (Napoleon)
largest group of Knights move to St.
Petersburg (Tsar Paul I as Grand Master)
1834 - The Sovereign Military and
Hospitaller Order of St. John of
Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta Rome - abandons all military operations
Present - 12,000 knights and dames &
80,000 permanent volunteers
Holy Warriors
Teutonic Knights
Order of the Teutonic House of Mary in
Jerusalem
1525 - loss of Prussia
1809 - dissolved by Napoleon I (Order
continued to exist in Austria)
1929 - converted to a religious order
Present - 1,000 members, including 100
priests, 200 nuns & 700 associates
Holy Warriors
Knights Templar
The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of
the Temple of Solomon
October 13, 1307 - King Phillip (France)
arrests the Templars for heresy.
March 19, 1314 - Grand Master Jacques
DeMolay is burned at the Stake.
Present - Books & movies create myths
of treasures and secrets. The Templars
are the godfather of conspiracy theories.
Holy Warriors
Were The
Crusades
for the
Glory of
God
Or Man?