Download Advances in Technology, pg. 447

Chapter 16
page 446
Please take out a piece of paper and
something to write with to take notes
Write the answers
here
1.
2.
3.
4.
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2.
3.
4.
Why did people
explore new
lands? Pg. 446
4 Reasons to Explore, pg. 446
1. they wanted Asian spices.
2. Religion- European Christians
wanted to spread the word to
counteract the spread of Islam in
Europe, Africa and Asia
4 reasons to explore continued
3. To find trade routes to Asia
without having to buy from Italian
or Egyptian traders
4. Curiosity about the world-people
were motivated to explore
because of Marco Polo’s travels.
Write the answers What advances
here
were made in
technology?
p. 447
1.
2.
3.
1. The astrolabe and compass
were used by sailors to find
routes to go to far places and
return home.
• Most sailors avoided open sea
out of fear they might not find
their way back to land.
Advances in Technology, pg. 447
2. Portuguese began building ships
called caravels.
a) Caravels: used triangular sails
allowed ships to sail against the
wind.
Advances in Technology, pg. 447
3. The large center rudder replaced
oars and made quick turns
possible and improved steering
a) invented by the Portuguese
b) they took the lead in
exploration and made
advances in shipbuilding
during the 1400’s-1500’s
Advances in Technology, pg. 447
4.The smooth rounded
hull handled high seas
well
Write the answers
here
1.
2.
3.
Henry the
Navigator,
pg.448
Portuguese and Spanish Explorations,
pg. 448
1. He built an observatory and a
navigation school to teach sailors
how to find their way.
2. Paid people to sail on voyages of
exploration.
Bartolomeu Dias
pg. 449
1.
2.
1. In 1488- he led a ship sailing
around the southern tip of Africa
Vasco da Gama
pg. 449
1.
2.
1. He sailed around Africa and
landed on the west coast of India
in 1498
Christopher Columbus
pg. 449
1.
2.
1. 1492-Columbus set sail with 88
men and 3 small ships.
2. Ferdinand and Isabella, the king
and queen of Spain gave him
money to explore new lands
3. In 1492 he reached the
Bahamas, a group of islands off
the coast of Florida
4. Columbus made three journeys
to America never realizing he
found a land unknown to
Europeans
5. He died thinking that he reached
Asia
Ferdinand Magellan
pg. 449
1.
2.
1. he led a voyage around the
southern tip of South America.
2. Circumnavigate: go all the way
around, the globe.
Conquest of
America
pg. 450.
1.
1. Early 1500s: Spanish explorers
arrived in America.
2. Aztec Empire in Mexico and the
Inca Empire in Peru were
powerful.
3. Spanish saw them as good
sources of gold and silver and
wanted to convert them to
Christianity.
4. Spanish explorers led by Cortez
and Pizzaro conquered the 2
empires.
5. Soon, Spanish ruled large parts
of North and South America
English and
French in America
pg. 450.
1. England and France wanted to
find out a route to Asia to get
spices.
2.The English and French looked
for a water-way through North
America.
The Spanish
Armada
pg. 451.
1. 1588: Spanish sent 130 ships to
attack England. This is called the
Spanish Armada.
2. Spanish Armada: was part of
Spain’s large, experienced navy.
3. English won because of their better
guns and faster ships.
4. Saved England from invasion
and allowed them to gain power.
Europeans
Learn about
Geography
pg. 451.
1. Learned that ships didn’t burn up
crossing the equator and that the
America’s were a separate
landmass from Asia.
2. Geographers made more accurate
maps.
3. Voyages of discovery brought
Europeans to spread their influence
around the world.
• Stop taking notes here
The Columbian Exchange, pg. 454
• Columbian Exchange: The
exchange of plants, animals, and
ideas between the New World
(the Americas) and the Old World
(Europe).
Old World Plants and Animals, pg.
454
• When Europeans explorers went
to the Americas, they took seeds
to plant crops.
• Europeans planted: oranges,
onions, and lettuce.
• Brought animals such as cows,
goats, sheep, pigs, horses and
chickens.
New World Plants and Animals, pg.
455
• European hadn’t tried tomatoes
until explorers brought them some
from America.
• Tomatotes are now a primary
ingredient in Italian food.
• Many plants from the Americas
also grew in West Africa and Asia.
Effects of the Columbian
Exchange, pg. 456
• European explorers brought
Culture and Technology, pg. 456
• Plantations- Large farms
Society and the Economy, pg. 457
• Racism- belief that some people
are better than others because of
racial traits, such as skin color
Origins of Capitalism,
• Mercantilism- system in which a
government controls all economic
activity in a country and its
colonies to make the government
stronger and richer.
• Balance of trade- the relationship
of goods imported to goods
exported in a country
New Trading Patterns, pg. 461
Northern European Trade Routes,
pg. 461
• Atlas- collection of maps
• Capitalism- is an economic
system in which individuals and
private businesses run most
industries
• Market economy- individuals
decide what goods and services
they will buy
Banking, pg. 462
Market Economies, pg. 462
• Capitalism- economic system in
which individuals and private
businesses run most industries.
New Economy, pg. 459
• Mercantilism- a system in which a
government controls all economic
activity in a county and its
colonies to make the government
stronger and richer
• Balance of trade- relationship of
goods imported to goods
exported