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A Larger World Opens: Expanded Influence of Western Civilization 1400’s Age of Exploration and Colonization 1 Europe in the Dark Ages n n n n FOOD Ideas Questions Hopes, dreams, aspirations 2 A Look Back n Crusades • 1095-1291 Battle between two religious groups. Why? • What was the immediate outcome of the Crusades? • What was the far reaching outcome of the Crusades – and how does it show that the far away past effects the present? 3 The Renaissance n n n n Literature Science Art Politics 4 Motives in the Age of Exploration n n n Attracted to East for silks and spices Desire for wealth and adventure Religious zeal- save souls • Gold, Glory and God 5 Pattern of Contact Begin by trading n Armed conflict- Europeans had cannon n Set up trading partners- some stay to protect partners and Europeans n Made alliances with local leaders n n Developed mercantilism- trade centered around Home Nation 6 Impact on World by European Contact n n Purpose was to serve the homeland weather it was slaves, furs, cotton, fish, spices, tobacco, gold or silver. Colonies improved the lives of Europeans greatly. In the Americas • More intermarriage by Spanish /Portuguese and French • Disease was devastating. Measles, influenza, smallpox • Violence common 7 The World Dominated by Europe n n n n Africa- completely dominated by Europe- only one independent country Ethiopia Southeast and Asia- French in Vietnam, British in Burma, Spanish in Philippines, Dutch in Indonesia India- French and British compete- British win out, not independent until 1948 South America- Spanish dominated: Others joined ( French, Dutch, British, and Portuguese) too 8 Improvements in Navigation n n n n n Better maps, follow coasts at first, used compass better ships- square sails and new hull design, heavy enough to carry canon use of astrolabe- magnetic compass sail by stars knowledge of wind patterns First the Portuguese (Prince Henry) then Spanish, France and England 9 Portuguese Explorers n n n n Prince Henry- 1460t looking for trade and an ally against the Muslims/ Congo Diaz- made it to Cape of Good Hope 1488 Vasco de Gama- went in search of Christians and spices- arrived in India 1510 Portuguese flags in Goa, India and Macao, China 10 The Spanish n n n n n believed had to be a short cut by sailing west Columbus- (Genoan) went west 1492 arrived in Caribbean thought it was the Indies thus the west IndiesMagellan- around the world East and West divided- Pope drew a line Spain and Portugal 11 Pattern of Contact Begin by trading n Armed conflict- Europeans had cannon n set up trading partners- some stay to protect partners and Europeans n made alliances with local leaders n Dutch and English less apt to become involved with culture/religion n developed mercantilism- material from colony- buy finished products form Europe. n 12 Slave Trade n n n n Portuguese- trade with Africa- To Portugal as servants than to Brazil to work on plantations Africans less susceptible to European diseases that Native Americans But death rate was high 13-30% just on the trip African middlemen active- depopulate entire areas of Africa- food from Americas helped increase birthrate 13 Spice Trade-East Indies n n n n n Very important to Europeans- made food palatable Portuguese again led the way Spain in the Philippines- stayed till 1898 Dutch East India Company very aggressive- competed with British East India Company Both dominated the East Indies and India 14