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NAME: __________________________________ Focus Questions for Chapter 14 and 15: Exploration and Expansion The Search for Spices 14.1 1. What factors encouraged European exploration? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. How did Portuguese exploration lead to the creation of a trading empire? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. How did Columbus influence the Treaty of Tordesillas? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4. What was the significance of Balboa’s discovery? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Turbulent Centuries in Africa 14.2 5. Why did Portugal establish a presence mainly along the African coast? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 6. How did African slave trade expand? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 7. What caused some African states to grow? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 8. How did European presence in Africa expand? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ European Footholds in South and Southeast Asia 14.3 9. How did Portuguese control the spice trade? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 10. How did the Dutch build up a strong presence in Southeast Asia? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 11. Why was Spain able to conquer the Philippines easily? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 12. How did Britain gain control of India? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Encounters in East Asia 14.4 13. Why did Ming China demand that Europeans pay for goods with gold and silver? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 14. Why did Korea become isolated? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 1 15. Why did the Tokugawas turn against Europeans? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 15: The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe and the Americas Conquest in the Americas 15.1 16. How did Spanish conquistadors treat the Tainos? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 17. What impact did the Aztecs’ religious beliefs have on Cortes’s approach to Tenochtitlan? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 18. What factors encouraged Spanish success in Peru? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 19. In what ways did Native Americans resist Europeans? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Spanish and Portuguese Colonies in the Americas 15.2 20. What was the encomienda system? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 21. What was the role of the Church in colonial education? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 22. What was Brazil’s economy based on? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Struggle for North America 15.3 23. Why did French settlers abandon farming in favor of fur trapping and trading? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 24. For what reasons were the 13 English colonies established? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 25. Why was the French and Indian War fought? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ The Atlantic Slave trade 15.4 26. How did the Triangle of trade affect colonial economies? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 27. How did enslaved Africans resist captivity? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 28. How did the slave trade affect Africans? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Effects of Global Contact 15.5 2 29. Why did the global population explode? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 30. How did the “putting-out” system work? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 31. How did economic changes affect different Europeans? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3