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Name__________________ MWH Unit 2 Cultural Diffusion An Age of Exploration and Isolation 1400-1800 The 3 G’s of Exploration – “For God, Glory and Gold” Essential Questions: 1 - Why did Europeans begin an age of exploration? 2 Why did China and Japan limit European Outreach? 3 – How did the voyages of Columbus cause the Spanish to carve out the first European colonies in the Americas? 4 – How did the Columbian Exchange and Global Trade permanently change the Eastern and Western Hemispheres? What Factors Encouraged European Exploration 1 2 3 European Exploration - Portugal Leads the Way __________________________________ – (1394 – 1460) For ______________________ and _____________________ he encourages sailors to push farther and chart new areas. The Portuguese sail down the ______________ west coast as they do so they set up trading stations along the coast… these trading stations would later become the origins of the ________________________ 1492 - Christopher Columbus lands in San Salvador and calls the locals Indians; thinking that he had arrived in _______________(he thought the earth was 8,000 miles around)… Why was the Strait of Malacca coveted by the Portuguese?_______________________________________________________ Portugal Leads the Way: Technological Advances 1 Shipbuilding 2 The Compass 3 The Astrolabe 4 Sail design Early Portuguese Voyages and Successes 1488 – ____________________________________ rounds the southern tip of Africa but returns home exhausted _______ - __________________________________, a Portuguese sailor, goes around the southern tip of Africa en route to India and returns home a hero (Cape of Good Hope). De Gama finds himself in the ____________________and finds a century-old ocean trade network (____________ and ____________). The ________and _________ships were not equipped with any sort of weapons… The Portuguese were, they had front mounted cannons… They forced the ________into moving goods for them. Now Europeans use naval technology to affect naval trade. European Trading Rivals Emerge 1492 - Spain finances ________________________ voyage to __________by sailing ___________ –finds the Caribbean instead. Rivalry with Portugal Grows Tense 1494 – Treaty of ________________ – establishes imaginary ___________of _____________________________through the Atlantic Ocean _____________________won right to control lands to the East - Africa, India Asia _____________________ got lands to the West – most of the Americas 1600s ____________________and __________________enter East Indies Each formed their own _________________________________________ China Rejects European Outreach 1 - Ming Dynasty 2 - The voyages of Zheng He 3 – Chinese begin to isolate themselves and limit trade to 3 coastal ports 4 - Qing (Manchu) Dynasty Population doubled – China pulled back Confucianism – focused on agriculture rather than commerce. Japan Limits Western Contacts Civil war erupts in 1467 1590 Toyotomi Hideyoshi unifies Japan under _____________________________________ – which lasted until 1868 Contact between Europe and Japan begins in 1543 _______________________arrived in 1549 and converted about _______________Japanese to __________________. ______________________1637 1639 Japan’s borders sealed open only to ___________________and ____________________ Tight control over foreign contact for next 200 years Spanish Conquests in the Americas By Columbus’ time (1492) the last of the Muslim Strongholds in Spain had been defeated, this led to a shift in European focus… How did the ending of the Crusades (pushing the Muslims out of Spain), impact the above motivation for exploration? Pre 1517 - ________________________________________________________________________________ After 1517 - _______________________________________________________________________________ What is significant about 1517? _______________________________________________________________ Spanish Conquests in the Americas 1492 – ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Spain begins to create colonies 1519 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1533 – ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Christopher Columbus unknowingly set in motion an exchange of goods between Europe and the Americas that would become known as the COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE. The exchange involved DISEASES!!!_________________________________________________________________________________________________ INCREASES IN WORLD POPULATIONS_______________________________________________________________________________________________ The Columbian Exchange and Global Trade The ___________________________________________________ – caused by growth in overseas trade Capitalism – ______________________________________________________________________________ Joint Stock Companies – ____________________________________________________________________ Mercantilism – ____________________________________________________________________________ Mercantilism - Policy by which a nation sought to ________________more than it ________________ (balance of trade) and to build up its supply of ______________ and ______________ (wealth). Bottom Line: Gain as much wealth for the empire as possible. How could you gain wealth in the 15th century? Question: Following the Renaissance and the Rise of Monarchies, why do you think Europeans went exploring? Answer: ___________________________________________________________________________________ Discussion 1 - Why did Europeans begin an age of exploration? 2 Why did China and Japan limit European Outreach? 3 – How did the voyages of Columbus cause the Spanish to carve out the first European colonies in the Americas? 4 – How did the Columbian Exchange and Global Trade permanently change the Eastern and Western Hemispheres?
