Download European Exploration GRQ

European Exploration GRQ
Complete Answers for Notes
1. Why were Spain and Portugal able to take the
lead in the pursuit of new sea routes to Asia?
• Had the technology,
resources, and political
unity to support sea
travel
• Developed caravels
2. What were the results of the Spanish
Reconquista for Muslims and Jews?
• Many were killed and 150,000 forced into
exile – meaning they had to flee elsewhere
3. What had disrupted Western Europe’s
trade routes with Asia?
• Ottoman Empire
controlled Eastern
Mediterranean and
blocked the land routes
4. Why did spice become so expensive in
Europe?
• Goods had to change hands many times,
making them more expensive
5. How does the printing press impact
exploration?
• Literacy rates went up. People began to read
more. As they read more they were exposed
to new ideas and knowledge such as world
geography.
6. What advance in military technology helped the
Portuguese win control of the Indian Ocean trade
routes?
• They mounted their cannons
on ships
• Developed caravels
• Gunpowder had first been
brought by the Arab traders in
the 1200’s (Marco Polo)
7. What types of ships do you think Prince
Henry made to do longer sea voyages?
• Bigger ships to carry more cargo – supplies
and trade
• Faster ships
• Ships that could sail against the wind to keep
progress constant
8. Identify the following explorers:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Prince Henry the Navigator
Bartholomeu Dias
Vasco da Gama
Columbus
Ferdinand Magellan
Prince Henry the Navigator
Routes of Dias:
Vasco da Gama’s route
Voyages of Columbus:
Magellan’s Circumnavigation of the Globe:
9. What was the Line of Demarcation and why did
Pope Alexander VI establish it?
• Divided the non-European world into 2 zones
– East and West – between Spain and Portugal
• Pope wanted to avoid war over the new land
The Line of Demarcation and Treaty of Tordesillas
10. What do you notice about the places
controlled by Europeans? Why no dots in the
middle of continents?
• All the dots are along the coasts
• Only port cities were initially important
– Used their powerful navies to force trade
treaties on port cities
– Not enough power to conquer the interiors of
the continents; no armies to take the interior
11. Who established Cape Town and what were the
farmers there called?
• Dutch established it
• Farmers were called Boers
• Led to the enslavement of the first Africans
12. How did the Portuguese treat the Asian people
where they developed colonies? Explain.
• Poorly – they destroyed Hindu temples,
massacred Muslims, and sank ships
13. What was the strategic importance of the Spanish
control of the Philippines beginning in 1521?
• Gave Spain a base from which to trade with
China and spread Catholic teachings to East
Asia
14. ________ was the conqistador that defeated the
Aztecs, while ___________ defeated the Inca.
• Hernan Cortes
• Francisco Pizarro
Hernan Cortes:
Francisco Pizarro
Spanish Empire in the Americas:
15. Briefly describe how each of the following
contributed to the Spanish success in the Americas.
• armor, horses, and powerful weapons that the
natives had never seen
• Formed alliances with natives who hated
being ruled by Aztecs or Incas
• Smallpox and other diseases killed millions
16. The French set up their colonies mainly in ______
while the first permanent English colony was _______.
• Canada
• Jamestown
17. What were the three reasons that large numbers of
English settlers came to the new colonies?
• For profit
• To own land
• Seeking religious freedom
18. The English gained control over much of North
America after defeating the French in what war?
• French and Indian War
19. Why were Africans brought to the new
world? Explain
• There was a labor shortage and people were
needed to work the plantations
• Native Americans did not make good laborers.
Many were worked to death. Many killed
themselves and their children to avoid the
harsh conditions imposed on them.
• Millions of Native Americas were killed from
diseases brought be Europeans
20. Why weren’t slaves shipped to Europe?
• Europe had lots of manufacturing and not
large plantation style farming that required
extra laborers
• Europe processed the raw good that were
produced in the colonies by slaves
• Manufacturing is a “wage paying” job, and
Europeans would not have been accepting of
slaves taking their jobs.
21. Spanish Social Class
Peninsulares – born in
Spain
Creoles – born in colonies/
Spanish decent
Mestizos –
Native
American/
European
Mixed
Mulattoes –
African/
European
Mixed
Native Americans and African Descent
22. Columbian Exchange
Corn
Potatoes/Sweet
Potatoes
Beans
Peanuts
Chili Peppers
Tomatoes
Pineapples
Cocoa
Tobacco
Pumpkins
Squash
Wheat
Sugar
Bananas
Rice
Grape
Horse
Pig
Cow
Sheep
Goats
Chicken
Smallpox
Measles