Download Global History Review Unit 4 Sec 4

Name _____________________________ Date _____________________ Period _____
EXPLORATIONS, ENCOUNTERS, AND IMPERIALSIM
UNIT 4, SECTION 4
I.
SECTION OVERVIEW
-1400s, Europeans sought a greater share of the rich Asian ____ trade.
-The first to benefit from new ____________, the _____________
and the ___________ were the first to establish global _________.
-The Dutch, ____________, and the ________ soon joined.
-These interactions had great impact as _______, _________, plants,
animals, _________, and diseases passed from continent to continent.
II.
KEY THEMES, CONCEPTS, PEOPLE, AND TERMS
1. Reconquista- _________________________________________
2. Cartographer- ________________________________________
3. Astrolabe- ___________________________________________
4. Vasco da Gama- ______________________________________
5. Christopher Columbus- _________________________________
6. Imperialism- _________________________________________
7. Ferdinand Magellan- ___________________________________
8. Sepoy- ______________________________________________
9. Conquistador- ________________________________________
10.Plantation- ___________________________________________
11.Middle Passage- _______________________________________
12.Encomienda- __________________________________________
13.Columbian Exchange- ___________________________________
14.Mercantilism- __________________________________________
III.
THE EVE OF EXPLORATION
-____________ and ________ took the lead looking for Asian riches.
-Each nation had the ____________, resources, and political _______
to support sea travel.
-Each nation also battled _________ rule and ended it by establishing
____________ kingdoms.
A. Reconquista and Explusions
1. The marriage of __________ and __________ in 1469 brought
together two powerful __________ kingdoms.
2. They forced the __________ from Granada. This completed
the ______________ (to recapture Spain from the ________).
B. Reasons for European Exploration
1. ___________ control of the eastern Mediterranean disrupted
Western Europe’s _______ with Asia leading to a desire to
seek other routes.
2. However, __________ and __________ merchants dominated
trade routes between Asia and Europe resulting in more
expensive products . Europeans sought to gain direct access to
________ trade.
C. Impact of Technology
1. THE PRINTING PRESS—Johann ___________ became the
first person to use a ___________ press to print a book. This
allowed people to make ________ quickly and cheaply, thus
became more readily available.
2. GUNPOWDER—Improved European fighting ability allowing
them to take control of trade routes.
3. NAVAL TECHNOLOGY—mapmakers (______________)
created better maps and charts of the ______. European sailors
learned to use the magnetic compass to determine direction and
the ___________ to figure out their ____________ at sea.
They also built _______ and _________ ships.
IV.
EARLY EXPLORATIONS AND ENCOUNTERS
A. Around Africa to Asia
1. The _____________ were the first that explored the coast of
______ Africa.
2. 1488—Bartholmeu ______ rounded the ________________.
3. Vasco __________ followed Dias’s route around Africa and
traveled across the ________ Ocean to an Indian port. He
returned home with Asian _______ that he sold at a high profit.
B. Columbus Reaches the Americas
1. The success of the ______________ inspired Ferdinand and
Isabella of Spain to try to gain a share of the rich spice trade.
Plus they sought to spread ________________.
2. _________________ convinced Spain that he could reach Asia
by sailing across the ____________ Ocean.
3. 1493—Pope ____________ VI established the
____________________, which divided the non-European
world into ______ zones. _________ could trade and explore
______ of the line. Portugal had the same rights _______ of it.
The Treaty of _____________ settled this for both nations.
V.
EUROPEANS COMPETE FOR COLONIES
-______________ is the domination by one country of the political
and/ or economic life of another country.
-___________ activities in Asia, Africa, and the Americas in the
1500s through the 1700s foreshadowed the major era of European
imperialism in the __________.
A. Imperialism in Africa
1. Began with the _______________ in the 1400s, but they were
not successful in their attempts to push into the __________ of
Africa. They made ________ profit.
2. 1600s—the __________ arrived and settled in _______ Town.
The Dutch farmers were known as _________; they ousted or
enslaved many __________, whom they considered to be
_____________.
B. Imperialism in Asia
1. Soon after Europe established direct _________ links in Asia
they sought to gain more _____________ control. First was
______________.
2. PORTUGAL—1500s they took control of the ________ trade
network from the __________. Even though they were
powerful at sea, they were never able conquer much ________.
They were also very ____________ against Hindus and
Muslims.
3. THE DUTCH—First to challenge the _____________
domination of Asian spice trade. In time, they formed the
__________________ Company (1600s). They established
closer ties with local leaders and stirred less resentment.
4. SPAIN—founded colonies in _______________ in the 1500s.
They financed the voyage of Ferdinand _____________, the
first to circumnavigate (circle) the world. Controlled the area
today known as the _________________. This gave Spain a
base from which to ________ with _______ and spread
____________ teachings to East Asia.
5. ENGLAND AND FRANCE—1700s they became competing
forces in the Asian trading network, concentrating on ______.
The ________ and ________ East India Companies made
alliances with local rulers, and each company organized its
own army of ________ (Indian troops). In time this companies
held the real power in the region.
C. Imperialism in the Americas
1. SPANISH CONQUISTADORS—They were searching for
______, others wanted to __________ the inhabitants of the
land to _____________. Hernan ___________ landed in
________ in 1519 in which he conquered the _________ by
1521. Francisico _____________ landed in 1532 and
destroyed the ________ empire in ________.
2. REASONS FOR SPANISH SUCCESS—
a. They used _______, _________, and powerful weapons that
the Indians had never seen before.
b. They found ______ among Native American groups who
hated being ruled by the _________ or ________.
c. ____________ brought by Europeans killed __________of
native people.
3. BATTLE FOR NORTH AMERICA—Spain’s profitable
American empire attracted the attention of other European
powers. ________, _________, and ________ explorers had
long searched _________________ for a
______________________ to Asia.
a. By the 1600s, they had established permanent colonies on
the continent. 1600s—__________ settled Canada. They
established trading posts from Quebec to _____________.
b. 1607—the ________ established their first permanent
colony at _______________. They came for different
reasons like making a ________, own _______, and some,
like the Puritans, seeking __________ freedom.
c. 1700s—the __________ defeated the French in the
__________________ War—France had to give up ______.
VI.
TRIANGULAR TRADE AND SLAVERY
A. Causes of the Slave Trade
1. Europeans saw African slaves as the most ___________
African trade goods.
2. Europeans began ___________ large numbers of Africans to
satisfy the _________ shortage on American plantations.
3. The trade involved __________, ________, and the ________
and was referred to as “___________________” because sea
routes among these three continents formed vast triangles.
B. The Middle Passage
1. This was the voyage from _________ to the ___________ on
the _________ ships.
2. Describe the conditions on these ships.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
C. Effects of the Slave Trade
1. 1800s—slave trade ended—an estimated ____ million Africans
had been sent to the Americas.
2. It caused _____________ to develop in Africa.
3. The result of this was that _____________ African political
structures were undermined.
4. Slavery resulted in many African societies being deprived of
the talents of strong, intelligent people.
VII. THE SPANISH EMPIRE
-It stretched from _____________ to South America and brought
great ________ to Spain.
-In return, the Spanish brought their _______________, religion,
____________, and ____________ to the region.
A. Government—Spain maintained a ________ control over its
distant empire. The king ran it through _____________.
B. Religion—The __________ Church was very important in the
colonies. Church leaders helped run the government and worked
to convert thousands of Native Americans to ________________.
C. Encomienda System—Allowed its colonies to _______ only with
________. Sugarcane became the main crop traded. Due to the
need for so many workers, the Spanish created the ____________
system. A consquistador was granted ________ along with
permission to demand labor or tribute from Native Americans.
D. Culture—It combined Native Americans, European, and African
cultures. Daily life was influenced by these cultures.
E. Social Classes—People were placed in a hierarchy.
1. ________________—Spanish-born people at the top.
2. CREOLES—those of ____________ descent who were born in
the colonies.
3. ______________—people of ________ Native American and
European descent.
VIII. THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE: PLANTS, ANIMALS,
PEOPLE, AND DISEASES.
-A global exchange of the above began during this time, leading to
great changes for people in _______, the __________, _________,
and Europe. (Since it started with Columbus it is known as the
_______________ Exchange).
-Give at least TWO examples of this exchange
________________________________________________________
IX.
EUROPEAN CAPITALISM AND MERCANTILISM
-Increased _______ with the colonies encouraged European
____________, the investment of _________ to make a profit.
-Europeans adopted a new policy of ________________, which
involved building up national wealth by ____________ more goods
than the nation imported.
-Colonies supplied the _________ nation with ______________ and
served as ____________for its exports.
-The expansion of _____________ and _______________ affected
the lives of many Europeans. _________ became less powerful
because their wealth was based on _________ they owned. Those
whose wealth was based on _________ grew richer.
-A __________ class developed. ___________ life changed little.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:
Page 173-177
10. ____ 11. _____ 12. _____ 13. _____ 14. _____ 15. _____16.
_____