Download Chapter 30 and 31 Reading Guide 2011

9th World History
Chapter 30: The Age of Discovery (1300 – 1620 A.D.)
“The desire for trade, an interest in spreading Christianity, and new
inventions led Europeans to search for new all-water routes to Asia.”
Chapter 31: Expansion Into the Americas (1500 – 1700 A.D.)
“In colonizing the Americas, European nations hoped to spread
Christianity as well as increase their wealth and power.”
Section 1: Portugal:
1) (3 Pt) Define the following:
a. Compass –
b. Astrolabe –
c. Caravel –
2) Why was Bartolomeu Dias’s trip important?
3) What were the results of Vasco da Gama’s voyage to India?
4) Predict the consequences: How do you think the lives of African Americans
today might have been different if Henry the Navigator had not sent
explorers to West Africa?
5) For each of the Portuguese explorers listed below, describe the
accomplishments they achieved.
a. Prince Henry
b. Bartolomeu Dias
c. Vasco da Gama
6) What three major problems did the Portuguese face in holding their new
territories?
7) The Portuguese created large plantations for the production of sugar and
molasses to make rum. What did they need to run the plantations? Make
sure to describe why the native population didn’t work and what they did to
solve the problem.
8) What were the FIVE main reasons Portugal lost it’s empire starting in the
mid-1500’s?
Section 2: Spain
1) Why was Spain behind in the exploration game in the late 1400s?
2) What benefit did Spain have over Portugal when it came to holding its
territories in the New World?
3) Papal line of demarcation –
4) The colonies were divided into districts called ____________________.
The two main districts were named ________________________ and
_________________________. They were ruled by a representative of the
King known as a ____________________________________.
5) What seven products did the Spanish colonies send back to Spain?
6) In the 1500’s the Spanish colonies organized their society into five key
groups. Please create a social pyramid to show the five classes…make sure
to explain what each class is AND what they did.
7) The main religion of the Spanish lands was ______________. How did the
church get its money? __________________________________. List at
least 4 types of services the church provided to the people to make life
better in the colonies.
8) Spain held the most land and was becoming extremely wealthy due to their
colonies, so why did their empire decline? Make sure to discuss why the
Spanish had no industry at home and where their money ended up going.
9) The Spanish lost a lot of their $$$ to pirates. Which country and Queen
promoted pirating Spanish ships? _____________________________
What was the name of one of her best pirates? __________________
What battle happened because of this? ____________________ What was
the outcome of the battle?___________________________ What was the
long term effect of the battle?
9) Ferdinand Magellan:
a. In October 1520, he renamed the Great South Sea the
_______________________________.
b. What three items did Magellan’s crew eat to survive?
c. Where did he die?
d. Magellan set out in 1519 with 5 ships. Magellan was killed, one ship
returned to Seville, Spain with 18 men and a load of spices, yet the
exploration is deemed a “great accomplishment” because:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv. Do you agree or disagree? Explain why you think so.
10) Why did England, France, and Netherlands ignore the Treaty of Tordesillas
and the Papal Line of Demarcation?
Section 3: England:
1) English merchants saw the New World as a source of ______________,
_____________________, and ____________________________.
2) Define the term favorable balance of trade AND describe the result of
having such a balance for the English.
3) What were the two additional reasons England was interested in setting up
colonies in the New World?
4) What was the first permanent English settlement? _________ Who was it
named after? ____________ What year was it established?_______
5) Describe the living conditions in the first permanent settlement.
6) Who was John Smith and why was he important to the success of
Jamestown?
7) How many native American’s were said to exist around the time of
Columbus?
8) The Virginia Company owned all of the land in sections of the New World,
but they needed people to work the land. How did they encourage people
to settle the region? Make sure to discuss…A) How did people pay their
way over to the new world and what were they given? B) Why or how
were people already in the New World encouraged to bring more people
over? AND C) How could someone with no money pay for the trip over and
then get land?
9) Which plant became a major money making product for the English AND
who started cultivating the product?
Section 4: Netherlands, France, and the Influence of Empires:
1) What tool did the Dutch use to acquire new territory AND which country did
it take the new territory from?
2) List the other 3 regions of the world the Dutch settled besides the Americas.
3) What territory did the Dutch claim in the new world AND what did they call
that place?
4) What eventually happens to the Dutch and their colonies in North America?
5) The first French Colony in the New World was established by
__________________________ in the year ________________________
and it was located at _________________________________________.
6) What product did the French send back home to make money from the
colonies?
7) In 1682, what land area was claimed in the Americas by France?
___________________________________________ What was the
territory named and why?
8) When did the French end up losing their their North American territories?
________ What treaty ended their territorial claims?
___________________________________________ How did they lose
the territory?
9) What was the result of the introduction of corn and potatoes in Europe?
In 1522, French pirates captured a Spanish ship filled with gold, silver, and jade Cortes was
sending home from Mexico. King Francis I wanted wealth from America, so he sent his own
expedition headed by Giovanni da Verrazano in 1524. Silk merchants offered to cover the cost of
the voyage because finding a route to China was of great interest to them. Verrazano sailed
along the coast of present day North Carolina to Nova Scotia exploring Chesapeake Bay, Hudson
River, Cape Cod, and the coast of Maine.
HMMM…..not sure how this was going to help with a route to China?!?!?!!!
Did you know??? – The Northwest Passage was not successfully navigated until 1906. Roald
Amundsen, a Norwegian explorer accomplished it in three years – part of this time spent in a
standstill due to ice! And you get bored in a 45 minute class period – imagine being stuck in a
boat with smelly men, disgusting food, and surrounded by ice!
Talk about being STIR CRAZY!!!