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■Essential Question: –What are the similarities & differences among the Spanish, French, Dutch, & British patterns of colonization in America? ■Warm-Up Questions: –Label the Spanish, French, Dutch, & British colonies on the map on your notes using pg 39 TheseBefore empires the wereEuropeans destroyed by America the arrival of Spanish conquistadors Before discovered The■Aztecs (inColumbus’ Central America) America in 1492, North America & Incas (in South America) created large, powerful Native empiresAmericans: was dominated America Before Europeans The Plains Indiansthe were hunters & gathers but became mobile ■ Before Columbus’ discovered hunters after the Spanish America in 1492, North introduced America the horse into North America was dominated Native Americans: America BeforeIndians the Europeans The Eastern Woodlands lived in small farming communities & were ■ Before Columbus’ discovered the first contacts in with British settlers in America 1492, North America Virginia & Massachusetts was dominated Native Americans: The Columbian Exchange ■The arrival of Europeans led to the introduction of new products between Indians & Europeans called the Columbian Exchange: –Indians introduced corn, tobacco, potatoes, peanuts to whites –Europeans introduced horses, livestock, citrus, & diseases –An estimated 90% of Indians died due to European disease The European Colonies in America: Spain, France, the Netherlands, & Britain European Colonies in America ■ During the Renaissance, a desire for new trade routes to Asia led to an Age of Exploration: –Led by Spain & Portugal, explorers found new trade routes, colonies, & people to Christianize –Colonization in North America led to destruction of Indian culture, permanent settlements for whites, & wealth for European nations Samuel Christopher Champlain Columbus founded “discovered” after America VascoQuebec da Gama found India failing looking to find for Four aawestward NW passage route to to India India byFerdinand sailing around Africa Magellan led the first Key Explorers expedition to circumnavigate the globe Exploration led to permanent European colonies Spanish Colonies in North America The Spanish government Spanish Colonies in North America encouraged converting Indians & establishing missions ■Motivations: –After Columbus, Spain dominated Central & South America & the SE & SW sections of North America –Spanish conquistadors explored in search of gold & silver –Missionaries converted Native Americans to Catholicism Spanish Colonies in North America ■Government: Royal control –Spanish colonies were funded & controlled by the monarch –Viceroys were sent to the colonies to serve as governors ■Economy: Desire for wealth –Used Indian & African slave labor to mine gold & silver –Built encomiendas (plantations) to farm cash crops Spanish Colonies in North America ■Society: Strictly controlled –Viceroys were sent to rule –Creoles were white colonists living in Spanish colonies; had opportunities for land & wealth –The lack of women led to inter-marriage with Indians & a mixed-race population (mestizos) –Indians & African slaves made up the bottom of society French Colonies in North America LikeFrench Spain, the French in Colonies gov’t encouraged converting Indians & ■Motivations: establishing missions North America –After Champlain’s attempt to find a NW passage through Canada, he founded Quebec –The “French crescent” included Canada, the Mississippi River, & New Orleans –Missionaries converted Native Americans to Catholicism French Colonies in North America ■ Government: Royal control –The French colonies were strictly controlled by royal governors ■ Economy: Desire for fur trade –Most French colonists profited from the fur trade, small-scale farming, or lumbering ■ Society: Friendly with Indians –Because the French needed furs, they were the most friendly with the local Native Americans Dutch Colonies in North America Dutch Colonies in North America ■Motivations: –The Dutch established New Amsterdam as a trade center ■Political, Economic, Social: –To attract settlers, the gov’t allowed anyone to immigrate –As a result, New Amsterdam was one of the most diverse colonies in North America British Colonies in North America British Colonies in North America ■ Motivations: Many different reasons – Economic: Escape poverty or gain wealth from cash crop farming –Religious: For religious freedom & to escape religious persecution – Political: Fear during the English Civil War & Glorious Revolution ■ As a result, the British colonies were very different from each other & were never very unified British Colonies in North America ■ Government: –The colonies differed from French & Spanish because the British gov’t had no desire to create a centralized empire in America –Britain developed a policy called salutary neglect in which the colonists could create local laws & taxes in their colonial assemblies –Royal governors were sent by the king, but they had little power New Unlike England the Spanish colonies, & French, like British Colonies in North America the Massachusetts, British colonists werenever closely made ■ Economy & sweeping connectedattempts by religion to convert, & Society: marry, families or trade & were withmostly local Native –The societies subsistence Americans, farmers although who conflicts had & over economies little desire landtowere makecommon money of the British colonies were dependent upon colonies, the Southern like reasons Virginia, had cash crop economies, large gaps people settled between rich & poor farmers, & slave labor Closure Activity ■In order to review the Spanish, French, Dutch, & British colonies, students will be presented with a series of “potential immigrants” to North America. For each person: –Determine the best colonial region for that person to move to –Provide a brief explanation that supports your decision Potential Immigrant: A poor, unmarried man looking to make his fortune Potential Immigrant: A person with very religious beliefs Potential Immigrant: A woman looking for new opportunities in America Potential Immigrant: A person looking for political freedom & the ability help make laws Potential Immigrant: A Native American looking for freedom from European control Potential Immigrant: A person who enjoys living “where the action is” (a place where something exciting is always happening) Potential Immigrant: A father looking for safety & security for his family Potential Immigrant: An entrepreneur looking for a location to open a business specializing in shipping