Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
The American Nation Chapter 3 Exploration and Colonization, 1492– 1675 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. The American Nation Chapter 3: Exploration and Colonization, 1492–1675 Section 1: An Era of Exploration Section 2: Spain Builds an Empire Section 3: Colonizing North America Section 4: Building the Jamestown Colony Section 5: Seeking Religious Freedom Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. An Era of Exploration Chapter 3, Section 1 • Nomads were the first to reach America at least 10,000 years ago. • Vikings led by Leif Ericson had explored parts of North America in the 1000s leaving detailed records • By the 1300s Native Americans had established cultures, cities, farming and trade. • By the 1400s the new trade routes were the focus of the Arabians, Africans, Asians, and Europeans. Portuguese Explorers Prince Henry of Portugal financed the new ship design that improved expeditions along coast of Africa 1488 Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the southern tip of Africa 1498 Vasco da Gama sailed to India by sailing around the Cape of Good Hope at the tip of Africa Prince Henry had a “state of the art” training facility with mapmakers, navigators, and instrument makers that trained sailors da Gama Dias Prince Henry Spanish exploration 1492 Italian sailor Christopher Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic with 90 men and three ships; the Santa Maria, Nina, and Pinta Two months later Columbus landed in the Caribbean He made three more voyages and in 1493 founded the first Spanish colony in present day Haiti He died unaware that he did not reach Asia Columbus and his crew arrived in the “New World”, in the Caribbean Islands. It was called the “New World” because at the time no modern European nation was aware of the continent’s existence and was not on any European map. Reasons for Exploration Wealth Foreign Goods Curiosity Religion Reasons for European exploration National Pride Fame Faster, Cheaper Trade Routes Spanish Explorers Found a Route Across the Pacific Ocean Chapter 3, Section 1 • 1511 The Spanish had conquered Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Cuba • 1513 Vasco de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama to reach the Pacific Ocean • 1519 Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition sailed westward from Spain with 250 crew and five ships. • 1522 Only one ship and 18 men returned to Spain after circumnavigated completely around, the world. The Columbian Exchange Chapter 3, Section 1 • Europeans brought new ideas, plants, animals, and diseases to the Americas. • Native Americans introduced new ideas, plants, and animals to the Europeans. • Because this exchange began with Columbus, it is called the Columbian Exchange. A Global Exchange of Goods and Ideas Chapter 3, Section 1 The Spanish Explored Vast Areas of North and South America. Chapter 3, Section 2 Spanish Conquistadores of the 1500s • Conquistadors, or conquerors marched into the Americas “to serve God, the king and get rich. • Result: Spain became richest country in Europe & created a huge empire in the Americas. Spanish Conquistadores • 1513 Ponce de Leon explored Florida lookong for the fountain of youth • 1519 Hernando Cortez set out to conquered the Aztecs w/only 600 men & 16 horses and captured tribes. • 1532 Francisco Pizarro defeated the Inca empire w/ only 200 men and superior military weapons. Other Spanish Conquistadors • 1536 Narvaez & de Vaca reached Mexico after being shipwrecked near Texas, captured by Indians, escaped, and walking 1000 miles. • 1539 Hernando DeSoto explored Florida, the Southeast, and discovered the Mississippi River looking for gold. • 1540 Franncisco Coronado explored Arizona & New Mexico looking for “seven cities of gold”. How Spain Organized Its Colonies Chapter 3, Section 2 Spain’s Laws of the Indies set up three kinds of settlements: • Pueblos—towns, centers of farming and trade • Presidios—forts where soldiers lived • Missions—religious settlements run by priests and friars Four Social Classes Chapter 3, Section 2 Spain’s Laws of the Indies set up four social classes: • Peninsulares—people born in Spain • Creoles—people born in the Americas to Spanish parents • Mestizos—people of mixed Spanish and Indian background • Indians—treated as conquered people Slave Labor Chapter 3, Section 2 • Spanish settlers with encomiendas, a kind of land grant, could demand labor or taxes from Indians forcing many Native Americans to work in gold and silver mines. • Bartolome de Las Casas suggested bringing African slaves to the Americas to replace Indian laborers. The Northwest Passage? • John Cabot: England-discovered Newfoundland. • Verazzano: France-explored up & down North American Coast. • Jacques Cartier: France-explored St. Lawrence River. • Henry Hudson: Dutch/Englishdiscovered New York Harbor Religious Divisions Chapter 3, Section 3 • Until the 1500s Western Europe was Roman Catholic • Protestant Reformation began when Martin Luther challenged the practices forming calling supporters Protestants. • England: Protestant • France: Catholic • Netherlands (Dutch): mostly Protestant France Explores the Mississippi River • Marquette and Joliet explored 700 miles down the Mississippi River before turning back. • La Salle completed the journey and found the mouth of the Mississippi River. Effects of European Exploration in America • Spain builds an empire in the Americas • English, French, and Dutch set up colonies in North America • Millions of Native Americans die from “European” diseases • Slave traders bring enslaved Africans to the Americas • Foods from the Americas are introduced into Europe Effects Today Effects • Europeans want more goods from Asia • Muslims gain control of trade between Europe and Asia • Rulers of European nations seek ways to increase their wealth • European nations look for a sea route to Asia • Columbus reaches the Americas Exploration of the Americas Causes Chapter 3, Section 3 • The United States is a multicultural society • American foods, such as corn and potatoes, are important to people’s diets around the world Roanoke: The “Lost Colony” • Sir Walter Raleigh raised money to start a colony in North Carolina. • Supplies ran low, they sent for supplies from England. • Planned to return in a few months. • Returned 3 years later. • Colony was deserted. Colonists were never found. • Only clue was “Croatoan” carved on a tree. • Roanoke becomes known as “The Lost Colony” Roanoke Jamestown • Virginia Company receives a Charter to start a colony in Virginia. • 1607 Jamestown Colony named after King James • Settlers hoped to get rich by finding gold by faced found swamps, mosquitoes, and malaria • Ruling council of 13 men couldn’t get along & failed to make plans • Dug for gold instead of planting enough crops and had a poor relations with Indians. Jamestown Survival and Success • Captain John Smith set up strict rules that forced colonists to work to get to eat. • Indians supplied corn, but peace didn’t last. • Peace restored when John Rolf, a colonist married Pocahontas, daughter of the chief. • Tobacco made the colony succeed. A Representative Government Chapter 3, Section 4 Reforms of 1619: • New governor would consult settlers on important matters. • Male settlers would elect representatives called burgesses. • Burgesses met in an assembly called the House of Burgesses to make laws for the colony. New Arrivals in Virginia Chapter 3, Section 4 • 1608 - The first women arrive. • 1619 - The Virginia Company sent about 100 women. • 1619 - A Dutch ship arrived with about 20 Africans.- some were slaves, others became planters. Separatists Seek Religious Freedom • Protestants called Separatists separated from the Church of England and sailed on the Mayflower to America. • 1620 Pilgrims land at Plymouth and signed the Mayflower Compact to govern through elected representatives • Didn’t bring enough food, not enough time to build proper homes, and almost half died from disease and starvation Plymouth Pilgrims Survived Chapter 3, Section 5 • They chose a good governor and stayed strong in their religious faith. • Squanto, a Native American, gave them seeds for corn, beans, and pumpkins showing them how to plant • A day for thanks celebrated the harvest and became Thanksgiving