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Voyages of
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Chapter 16.1
Foundations of Exploration
During the Renaissance, a spirit of
discovery and innovation had been
awakened in Europe.
Europeans set sail on voyages of
discovery to find new lands or new
routes to places already known.
This period is sometimes called the Age
of Exploration.
Motivations
for
Exploration
Motivations for Exploration
GOLD
WHY?
Money = Power
They looked for faster
routes to India and China
The faster you get there
the more money
you make.
GLORY
Wanted to bring honor
to their names for a
new discovery
GOD
chance to introduce new
populations to Christianity
CURIOSITY
What is out there?
GOLD
Age of exploration caused by
people and countries that wanted
to get rich.
How?
Trade
Spices, Silk, Perfume and Jade
From China and India
Trade controlled by Italian merchants
that charged high prices to Europeans.
Explorers wanted to find new and faster
routes to India and China to control the
trade.
Whoever controls the trade…gets RICH!
The faster you get there and back, the
more money you make.
Advances in Technology
 Compass
 From the Chinese
 Let sailors know what
direction was North
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 Astrolabe
 From the Muslims
 Allowed navigators to
calculate their location
based on the position of
the sun and stars in
relation to the horizon.
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Advances in Technology
Shipbuilding
Deep-draft ships
Hold more cargo
Carry more supplies
Caravel- light fast
sailing ship
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Steered by rudder at
the rear
Lateen sails allowed it
to sail in any direction
Caravel with lateen sails
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Explorers from
Portugal and Spain
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Explorers from
Portugal and Spain
The Portuguese
First country to launch large-scale voyages of
exploration.
Prince Henry the Navigator
Patron and supporter of exploration
Established small court with mapmakers,
astronomers,others interested in navigation
Explored African coast
Found gold and slave available here
Ultimate goal: find a water route around Africa to India
The Portuguese
(1488) Bartolomeu Dias became first
European to attempt sailing around the tip
of Africa. (Cape of Good Hope)
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Vasco da Gama
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 (1497) first to sail from
Portugal (around Africa)
to India.
 Found that Muslim
traders were already
involved in trade.
 Helped Portuguese
control this trade route
 Result: Portugal
became one of the
richest and most
powerful nations in
Europe.
The Spanish
 Christopher Columbus
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 Believed he could sail west
from Spain and reach China
 No idea the Americas were
there.
 Landed in Caribbean but
thought he was in China or
East Indies
 Called inhabitants Indians.
 Thought he found a new
route to India….WRONG!
 Made three more voyages
Columbus’ Map
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First Voyage
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Second Voyage
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Third Voyage
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Vasco Nunez de Balboa
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Led expedition
across the Isthmus
of Panama.
Became the first
European to see the
Pacific Ocean
Ferdinand Magellan
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 (1519)Sailed for Spain
 Five ships with 250
men.
 Magellan killed in
Philippines.
 Crew finally arrived in
Spain in 1522 with only
18 survivors.
 First to
circumnavigate the
globe.
The English
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 John Cabot- explored
coast of Canada
 Sir Francis Drake2nd man to sail around
the world.
 Henry Hudson(1607) sailed for the
Dutch in search of the
Northwest Passage
The French
(1534)Jacques Cartier
sailed along St.
Lawrence River and
claimed as New France
Searched for NW
Passage but never
found it.
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The Dutch
 Henry Hudsonsearched for Northeast
Passage in 1609
(failure)
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 Northern route to China
 Looked for Northwest
Passage through the
Americas
 Hudson River
 Hudson Bay
•Why in the world are they
looking for all of these
passages?!!!!!!
•$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
Henry Hudson’s Voyages
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Hudson’s Half Moon
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