Download Ch. 8 Populations

Understanding
Populations
Chapter 8
Population
• All of the members of a species living
in the same place at the same time
• All of the brown squirrels living in a
forest
• Density - the number of individuals
per unit area or volume
• Dispersion - the relative distribution
or arrangement of its individuals
within a given amount of space
Clumped Dispersion
• Description of a large population of
geese gathered in a marsh
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Density Independent
• Cause of death that does not occur
more quickly in crowded populations
• Growth Rate - Birth rate minus the
death rate
• Birth rate - Death rate = Growth Rate
• Reproductive Potential - the maximum
number of offspring that each
member of the population can
produce
Generation Time
• Average age at which members of a
species reproduce
• Exponential growth - when
populations grow faster and faster
• Carrying Capacity - the maximum
number of a species that an
ecosystem can support
Niche
• The unique role of a species within an
ecosystem
• Kangaroo’s role as a large herbivore
on Australian grasslands
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Competition
• A relationship in which different
individuals or populations attempt to
use the same limited resource
• Woodpeckers eating at a birdfeeder
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Predation
• When an organism (predator) eats
another organism (prey)
• An owl snatching a mouse from a field
to eat
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Parasitism
• When an organism, parasite, takes its
nourishment from its host
• Three lampreys attached to a fish and
sucking its body fluids for food
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Mutualism
• A close relationship between two
species in which each species provides
a benefit to the other
• A butterfly pollinating a flower as it
drinks nectar from the flower
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Commensalism
• A relationship in which one species
benefits and the other species is
neither harmed nor helped
• An orchid using a high tree branch as
a place of attachment to receive more
sunlight but not affecting the tree
a re
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• Symbiosis - a relationship in which two
organisms live in close association
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• The number of wild horses per square
kilometer in a prairie is the horse
population’s?
• Density
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• If over a long period of time each pair
of adults in a population had only two
offspring and the offspring lived to
reproduce, the population would?
• Remain the same
• Which of the following species has the
highest reproductive potential?
• Rabbit, Elephant, Human, Horse?
• Rabbit
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• Which of the following is not an example of
exponential growth?
• Rabbit populations after being introduced
to Australia
• Reindeer of the Probilof Islands eating most
of the Lichens
• A bank account that earns interest
• Mold appearing on bread overnight
• B
• The carrying capacity of an
environment for a particular species
at a particular time is determined by
the:
• Supply of the most limited resources
• Competition for food cannot occur:
• Between animals from two different
ecosystems
• A bird that feeds at night and a bird
that feeds during the day from the
same flower is an example of:
• Indirect Competition
• In which type of interaction between
species does one species benefit by
harming another species but not
killing it?
• Parasitism
• Which of the following examples
would be least likely to be considered
a symbiotic interaction?
• A kit fox hunts and feeds on a
kangaroo rat
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• Which of the following two species
represent a relationship that has
coevolved?
• Flowering plants and their pollinators
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