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Transcript
Understanding Populations Chapter 8 Population • All of the members of a species living in the same place at the same time • All of the brown squirrels living in a forest • Density - the number of individuals per unit area or volume • Dispersion - the relative distribution or arrangement of its individuals within a given amount of space Clumped Dispersion • Description of a large population of geese gathered in a marsh QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Density Independent • Cause of death that does not occur more quickly in crowded populations • Growth Rate - Birth rate minus the death rate • Birth rate - Death rate = Growth Rate • Reproductive Potential - the maximum number of offspring that each member of the population can produce Generation Time • Average age at which members of a species reproduce • Exponential growth - when populations grow faster and faster • Carrying Capacity - the maximum number of a species that an ecosystem can support Niche • The unique role of a species within an ecosystem • Kangaroo’s role as a large herbivore on Australian grasslands QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Competition • A relationship in which different individuals or populations attempt to use the same limited resource • Woodpeckers eating at a birdfeeder QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Predation • When an organism (predator) eats another organism (prey) • An owl snatching a mouse from a field to eat QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Parasitism • When an organism, parasite, takes its nourishment from its host • Three lampreys attached to a fish and sucking its body fluids for food QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Mutualism • A close relationship between two species in which each species provides a benefit to the other • A butterfly pollinating a flower as it drinks nectar from the flower QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Commensalism • A relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped • An orchid using a high tree branch as a place of attachment to receive more sunlight but not affecting the tree a re Qui ckTi me™ a nd a d e comp resso r ne e d ed to se e t hi s pi cture . • Symbiosis - a relationship in which two organisms live in close association QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. • The number of wild horses per square kilometer in a prairie is the horse population’s? • Density QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. • If over a long period of time each pair of adults in a population had only two offspring and the offspring lived to reproduce, the population would? • Remain the same • Which of the following species has the highest reproductive potential? • Rabbit, Elephant, Human, Horse? • Rabbit QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. • Which of the following is not an example of exponential growth? • Rabbit populations after being introduced to Australia • Reindeer of the Probilof Islands eating most of the Lichens • A bank account that earns interest • Mold appearing on bread overnight • B • The carrying capacity of an environment for a particular species at a particular time is determined by the: • Supply of the most limited resources • Competition for food cannot occur: • Between animals from two different ecosystems • A bird that feeds at night and a bird that feeds during the day from the same flower is an example of: • Indirect Competition • In which type of interaction between species does one species benefit by harming another species but not killing it? • Parasitism • Which of the following examples would be least likely to be considered a symbiotic interaction? • A kit fox hunts and feeds on a kangaroo rat QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. • Which of the following two species represent a relationship that has coevolved? • Flowering plants and their pollinators QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
