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Transcript
The Rise of the Greeks 1000- 500 BCE Great Acropolis in Athens • Because Greece is made up of many islands, and has many tall mountains, the Greeks began to build city-states instead of one country. • A city-state is a city with its own laws, rulers, and money. • City-states were cities that acted like countries Emergence of the Polis • The polis (city-state) was an urban center and its rural territory • Characteristic features of the polis included an acropolis, an agora (marketplace), fortified walls, and public buildings • There were frequent wars between the various city-states Persian Wars: Famous Battles $ Marathon (490 BCE) 26 miles from Athens $ Thermopylae (480 BCE) 300 Spartans at the pass $ Salamis (480 BCE) Athenian navy victorious Mountain Greek Military • The Greeks developed a style of warfare that used hoplites—a close formation of heavily armored infantrymen who would try to break the enemy’s line of defense • The soldiers were mostly farmer-citizens who served for short periods of time when called Greek Hoplite • This is a phalanx. • Soldiers get in a tight box. They each have a large shield and a 9 foot long spear. Political: Athens was the first democracy • Democracy: type of government where people vote. • Well, actually, Athens was a direct democracy where people vote on everything. • The U.S. today is a representative democracy, where we vote for people to make decisions for us. Social Inequality • Athenian democracy was very limited in its scope • Only free adult males participated in Athenian democracy • They accounted for about 10 or 15 percent of the total population. • Women, children, slaves, and foreigners did not have the rights of citizens Athenian Philosophers $ $ Socrates Know thyself! The unexamined life is not worth living. I know that I know nothing. question everything only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness. Plato The Academy The world of the FORMS The Republic philosopher-king $ Aristotle The Lyceum “Golden Mean” [everything in moderation]. Logic. Scientific method. SPARTA Spartan Society • In order to ensure food supply, Sparta conquered their neighbors in Messina. • Messinians were turned into slaves called helots. • To guard against slave uprisings, Spartans developed a militaristic way of life. Spartans Sparta • Spartan society was obsessed with war. • Boys were sent to military school at a young age. • Boys who are born deformed are left to die on mountainsides Peloponnesian Wars Athenian Navy • Trireme • trireme—a fast, maneuverable 170-oar boat • Lower class Athenians were used as rowers. • Tried to ram other ships or break off their oars. Alexander the Great Alexander’s Empire Greek Achievements • • • • • • • • Medicine – Hippocrates, “the Hippocratic oath” Math – Pythagoras, Euclid Drama – Aeschylus, Sophocles History – Thucydides The first Olympics Homer’s “Odyssey” and “Iliad” Greek Mythology Scientific Method Greek Alphabet