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City-States of Greece Chapter 5 Section 2 Today’s Goal • Compare the culture and governments of Athens & Sparta. Athens • Ionians who settled in Attica Development of Democracy • Draco – took power 621 BC – Drafted harsh set of laws Development of Democracy in Athens • Solon - came to power 594 BC - Outlawed debt slavery - Four social classes based on wealth - Any citizen could charge against wrongdoing • Peisistratus – tyrant who seized power in 541 BC Cleisthenes – 510 BC - Reforms that led to democracy in Athens Athenian Democracy • Divided into 10 tribes or “demes” (by residence, not wealth) – Selected members for boule • Ekklesia – general town meeting of free male Athenians • Boule (Council of 500) - Filled by lot for 1 yr. term - Legislature & executive - Power to ostracize citizens Athenian Society - Education • Only wealthy sons - Prepared to be good citizens - Part of day in athletic activities - Military schooling • Girls – trained to be good wives & mothers • Encouraged educated mind in strong body Athenian Military • Depended on strong navy for protection Sparta • Descendants of Dorians – settled in Laconia • Conquered Messenians - Helots – forced to work the land • Put down Messenian revolt Sparta’s Rigid Militaristic Society • State made all decisions • Code of Lycurgus • Decided if babies strong enough – if not, left in hills to die • Children taken from families at age 7 to begin training (Agoge system) Agoge Training • Boys lived in army barracks until age 30 - Rough training to become tough soldier • Girls taught to be strong & athletic - Give birth to tough Spartan boys - More freedom than Athenian women Spartan Government • Ruled by TWO kings - Responsible for military, politics, & religious practices - Kingship passed on hereditarily Senate = Council of Elders - Spartiates > 60 years old - Elected for life • Assembly = all men over age 30 • Five ephors = overseers elected annually • Social Order • Lowest = helots • Middle = perioikoi • Highest = Spartiates Spartan Philosophy – Duty, Strength, Self-denial, SelfDiscipline Factors that Discouraged Unification of City-States • Different laws & government • Different coinage • Different weights & measures • Different calendars Factors that Encouraged Unification of City-States • Same language • Participation in the Olympic Games • Common religion & management of temples The Olympic Games • Only freeborn Greeks (“athlos” = contest) – Selected through elimination trials • Pentathlon • Boxing – Pankration • Marathon games • 5 days • Victors given crown of olives