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Ancient Greece The Fall of Greece Downfall of Greece 1. Around 350 BC, the Macedonian Empire became a threat to Greek city-states. Their leader Philip II created a powerful army based on the use of a phalanx, a body of foot soldiers formed closely using shields and spears. 2. He quickly defeated the Greeks city-states and had them join an alliance called the League of Corinth. Downfall of Greece 3. Alexander, son of Philip, then took over when his father was stabbed to death. Declared himself king with the support of the army. 4. Alexander had learned a great deal from the tutoring of Aristotle. Eventually he would defeat Darius and the Persians in 334 BC controlling an empire from Greece to India. 5. Downfall of Greece 6. 7. Alexander the Great soon caught an illness on the way home from India and died at the age of only 33. Macedonian generals then took over the empire. Downfall of Greece 8. 9. Persian and Greek cultures combined around 31 BC, this period is the Hellenistic Age. People would adopt Greek culture and Greek would become the most widely used language. Alexandria in Egypt became the greatest city of the ancient world replacing Athens.