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Ancient Greece
500-323 B.C.E.
Greek Geography
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Surrounded by water.
Greece is mountainous
Greek communities
often times developed
independently because
of the mountains, thus
they were diverse.
As a result, they fought
each other a lot.
Polis – city states
For protection, localized
government, and self
sufficiency
 Most were ruled by
tyrants.
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Greek religion was polytheistic.
Greek Architecture

Greeks invented
arches and
columns.
 This obviously took
advanced
mathematics.
More Greek Architecture
The Greeks were the original
Olympiads.
Their scientists studied the best
way to perform sports.
Greek Inventions

The Greeks
invented dice.
 The Greeks
invented the crane.
Political terms
There were different
forms of government
across Greece.
 Most of Greece was
a monarchy a type of
government ruled by
a king or queen.
 Pericles, a good king
of Athens.
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Athens
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Athenians were
tough but were
encouraged to
engage in activities
like art, philosophy,
music.
Democracy,
government by the
people and power
limited by a
constitution.
Sparta
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Spartans valued
strength and all
citizens had
mandatory military
service.
Oligarchy,
government by a
select few.
The Philosophers
Socrates, Plato,
Aristotle
 What is good
government?
 Foundation of
modern political
thought
 Handout
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Socrates
?
?
?
?

Questioning is
best method for
learning
?
• Plato: Wrote The Republic
A city state should be organized as:
Philosopher kings
Warriors
The educated masses
• Aristotle: Wrote Politics
Constitutional
governments are the best!
• All citizens, even
leaders must follow
the law
• Citizens have not
only rights but
responsibilities to
the state
• Aristotle: Wrote Politics
CIVIC DUTY!
Constitutional
governments are the best!
• All citizens, even
leaders must follow
the law
• Citizens have not
only rights but
responsibilities to
the state
Types of Democracy
• Direct Democracy
(town hall)
• Indirect Democracy
(elected
representatives –
most common today)
• Oligarchy (rule by
very few)
Sparta

Sparta was an isolated
city-state that was
culturally and politically
different from Athens.
 Military culture and war
 Sparta was an
oligarchy, government
ruled by a few. They
had 2 kings.
 During the
Peloponnesian War,
Sparta fought Athens.
Who do you think
won?
Quotation #1
The fundamental motif through all the centuries
has been the principle that force and power are
the determining factors. All development is
struggle. Only force rules. Force is the first
law. . . . Only through struggle have states
and the world become great. If one should
ask whether this struggle is gruesome, then the
only answer could be or the weak, yes, for
humanity as a whole, no. Instead of everlasting
struggle, the world preaches cowardly pacifism,
and everlasting peace. These three things,
considered in the light of their ultimate
consequences, are the causes of the downfall of
all humanity.
Quotation #2
We hold these truths to be self evident,
that all men are created equal, that they
are endowed by their Creator with certain
unalienable Rights, that among these are
life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness;
that to secure these rights Governments
are instituted among Men, deriving their
just powers from the consent of the
governed.
Greece Quiz
1.
2.
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4.
5.
How did geography impact Greek culture?
Define democracy.
Give an example of a type of government that
favors the use of force.
Why are Greek philosophers important today?
In the end, which Greek city/state has had the most
influence on the modern world? Why?