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Ancient Greece & Rome
Modern World History
Objective & Drill 10-13-2011
• Objective:
• Students will be able to explain how events during
the civilizations of Ancient Greece & Rome have
impacted our modern culture.
• List major aspects of Greek & Roman society, culture
and other contributions.
• Drill:
• Think about your own personal experiences – can you
think of anything that might have a Greek or Roman
influence?
Upcoming Dates of Importance
• October 13, 14, 17, 18 Ancient Greece & Rome
• October 19 Review for Test
• October 20  Ancient Civilizations Test
Greek
Geography
-Peninsula
-Long coastline with many
inlets and harbors
-Many Islands
-Known to be a seafaring
people
-Very mountainous
-Led to the formation of
separate civilizations
that fought each other a
lot
Greece: Things to Know
• Mycenae
• First Greek State
• Developed an
extensive commercial
network
• The Dark Age
• Population decline &
food production
dropped
• The Epic Poem
– Iliad & Odyssey by
Homer
• Polis
• City-state – a town or city
• Central point where
everyone met for political,
social & religious activities
• Acropolis
• Place of refuge
• Religious center for
temples
Forms of Government in
Ancient Greece
• Democracy
• Rule by the people (many)
• Representative Democracy
» People choose representatives to participate in government
• Direct Democracy
» People participate directly in government activities
• Oligarchy
• Rule by the few
– These people could be distinguished by royalty, wealth, family ties,
corporate, or military control.
Athens & Sparta
• Athens
– Originally a Monarchy
– Became and Oligarchy
– Ruled by aristocracy
– Owned best land – controlled
politics
• Fell into economic hardship
– Farmers sold into slavery for
failure to pay debts
– Solon
– Given full power
– Cancelled all debts and freed
slaves – but refused to take
from the rich to give to the poor
– Cleisthenes
– Created the Athenian assembly
– Foundation of democracy
• Sparta
– Spartan – means “highly selfdisciplined)
– Males spent childhood learning
military discipline
• Enrolled in army at age 20
• Lived in barracks till age 30
– Females had more freedom
– Oligarchy
• Led by 2 kings
• Ephors – 5 men elected each year
& responsible for youth
education
• Council of Elders – 2 kings & 28
citizens over the age of 60
– Foreigners discouraged from
visiting & Spartans were not
allowed to travel abroad
• Also discouraged from studying
philosophy, literature or the arts
Alexander the Great
• Tutored by the great
philosopher Aristotle
• Became King of
Macedonia @ age 20
• Invaded Persian
Empire & won
• Spread Greek
tradition through
Asia
• Died at@ age 32
The Legacies of
Ancient Greece
10-17-2011 Drill & Objective
• Objective: Students will explore the impact of
ancient Greece and Rome on our modern
world.
• Drill #15  How did belief in the gods &
goddesses of Mount Olympus affect daily life
in ancient Greece?
What is a legacy?
Traditions, skills and knowledge of a culture
that get passed on to people in the future
Something a culture is known for
A gift from the past
Babe Ruth’s
legacy was
homerun hitting.
Trial By Jury
When a group of citizens decides if a person is
innocent or guilty of a crime
Serving on a jury was a citizen’s duty
About 500 jurors for a trial
Jurors were paid for service
Greek Mythology
Myths are stories about gods & goddesses
that were used to explain events in nature
12 Major Gods & Goddesses of Mt. Olympus
Zeus
Poseidon
Hades
Hermes
Hera
Apollo
Artemis
Hephaestus
Athena
Demeter
Aphrodite
Ares
Theater
Grew out of festivals dedicated to Dionysus and developed into
stories that were acted out
Only male actors but women could watch
Amphitheater
Theater was carved into a hillside
Excellent Acoustics
Olympic Games
Festival held in Olympia to honor Zeus
Every four years-began 776B.C. Only men: women couldn’t watch
Olympians swore not to cheat
Called a truce from war
Won an olive wreath
Winners were heroes
Olympic Games
Foot races
Javelin
Warrior’s Race
Boxing
Discus
Pancratium
Wrestling
Messengers &
Trumpeters
Pentathlon
Marathon
Footrace that is 26 miles, 385 yards long
Greeks defeated the Persians at Marathon
Pheidippides ran to Athens (about 26 miles) to announce the
victory
He reached Athens, cried out Nike! (goddess of victory), and
fell over dead.
Architecture
The art and science of building
Doric
Ionic
Greeks well known for using three styles
of columns in their buildings
Corinthian
Architecture
The Parthenon on the Acropolis in
Athens was built in the Doric style.
The Temple of Athena Nike located
very close to the Parthenon was built in
the Ionic style.
Architecture
The design of many buildings today has been
influenced by the classical style of the Greeks.
Why would many U.S. government buildings
have been built using Greek architecture?
Supreme Court Building in Wash.
D.C.
Philosophy
Love of wisdom; trying to figure things out
through learning and reasoning
Socrates
Socratic Method
Plato
Political Science
Aristotle
Science & Logic
Socratic Method
Teaching through step-by-step questions that are
designed to lead the student to the truth
Socrates was a Greek
philosopher who wanted
people to question and think
for themselves
Athenians were afraid and
threatened by his ideas, so he
was tried and put to death.
Classification of Living Things
A system of grouping plants and animals that
have similar characteristics
Developed by Aristotle
Helps scientists to handle a lot of info.
Still used today
Scientific Method
Process used by scientists to study something
1
Collect
Info
2
Form
Hypothesis
3
Test
Hypothesis
Hippocratic Oath
A list of rules about practicing medicine that
doctors today still promise to follow
Hippocrates was
the “Father of
Scientific
Medicine”
1. Honor their teachers
2. Do their best for the sick
3. Never give poisons
4. Keep the secrets of patients
Believed that
disease came from
natural causes not
evil spirits
Legacies of Ancient Greece
Now that you are aware of them, you
will see the legacies of the ancient
Greeks cropping up all over the
place!
The Roman Empire
The Pre-Roman World
The Emergence of Rome
• Originally ruled by
Kings
– Overthrew King &
formed a Republic
• Republic
– Certain citizens have
right to vote
– Senate
– Roman Republic
survived for over 500
years
• Carthage
• Rome’s biggest threat
– After it’s defeat,
Rome became the
master of the
Mediterranean Sea
• Hannibal
– Carthage’s greatest
general
Strengths of the Roman Model
Aristotle’s Study of Governments explains why
Ruler
Stable
Form
Unstable
Form
Single person
Monarchy
Despot
Small group
Aristocracy
Oligarchy
Large group
Polity
(constitution)
Democracy
(mob rule)
Republic = combination of all three stable forms
Social Class in Rome
• 4 classes of people.
– Slaves
• owned by other people
• no rights at all.
– Plebians
• free people
• little say at all in political
matters
– Equestrians (knights)
• name means the 'riders'
• they were given a horse to ride.
• had to be rich.
– Patricians
• Nobles
• All the real power in Rome lay
with them.
Rome Expands
Rome Expands
Rome Expands
Rome Expands
Rome Expands
Rome Expands
Rome Expands
Roman Empire Splits, 395 A.D.
A Bit of Perspective
Famous Romans
• Julius Caesar
• Helped to turn the Roman
Republic into an Empire
• Augustus (Octavian)
• Heir to Julius Caesar
• Known as the 1st Roman
Emperor
• Ides of March (March 15)
– Julius Caesar was
assassinated by a group
of senators hoping to
restore the Republic
• The word EMPEROR
comes from IMPERATOR
» Meaning
commander-inchief
Principal Roman Emperors
Roman Influence
 Encyclopedias
 Advances in Architecture
 City planning
 water, lead pipes, sewage,
fire protection
 Bridges and aqueducts
 Law and administration
 Invention of Concrete
 Spread of Christianity
Barbarian Invasions
Byzantium
• The eastern part of the Roman Empire became
known as the Byzantine Empire or Byzantium.
Constantine & Constantinople
• Constantinople was named
for emperor Constantine.
• Constantine legalized
Christianity in the empire.
• Under Constantine’s rule,
Christianity spread greatly.
• He moved the capital of
the empire from Rome to
Constantinople.
Constantinople grows
• Constantinople
became a leading
center of trade.
• Trade helped the
Byzantine Empire
grow rich.
Justinian
• Justinian was the
greatest of the
Byzantine emperors.
• Justinian made many
changes in the laws.
• His laws were called
The Code of Justinian.
• Justinian also built
many churches
throughout the empire.
The Great Schism
• Most of the people in the Byzantine Empire were
Christian, but the people in the west and the
people in the east disagreed about how to
worship God.
• This led to a split in the Catholic Church.
Fall of the Roman Empire
•
•
•
•
•
West had longer barbarian frontier
Persians civilized and signed treaties
East had money to pay off invaders
Eastern boundaries easier to defend
Constantinople a fortress city
The End of Antiquity
• The fall of the Roman empire traditionally
marks the end of the period of Antiquity
• Upcoming time periods
• Middle Ages/Renaissance