Download Chapter 5 Section 2 Notes

Chapter 5 Section 2
Notes
I. Rule and order in
Greek City-States
A. Polis was the
local city-state and
its surrounding
farmland
B. Acropolis was
the fortified hilltop
in a city-state
Acropolis at Athens
Acropolis at Athens
Parthanon at Athens
C. Political structure
1. In some citystates a king or
monarchy ruled
2. Aristocracy was a
government ruled
by a small group of
nobles
3. An oligarchy was
a government ruled
by a few powerful
people
D. New kind of
army developed
1. Iron was more
common than
bronze , cheaper
more people could
afford
it
2. More people from
different classes
3. Foot soldiers
called hoplites stood
side by side and
formed the phalanx
Greek Phalanx
Todays Phalanx
E. Tyrants Seize
Power
1. Gained control by
appealing to the
poor and discontent
II. Sparta Builds a
Military State
Acropolis at Sparta
A. Sparta was
located on the
Peloponnesus
B. Sparta conquered
the Messinians
which were the
local people around
Sparta
1. The Messinians
became known as
Helots (farmers)
2. The Messinians
outnumbered the
Spartans
3. Spartans
developed a
Military State
C. Sparta’s
Government and
Society
1. Two groups ruled
Sparta
a. An assembly
composed of free
adult males and
elected officials
b. Second group
Council of Elders
1. Five elected
officials called
Ephors carried out
the laws
D. Spartan
Education
1. For Men
a. Daily life
centered around
military training
b. Age 7 boys left
home for military
camps
c. Rigorous training
d. Intense discipline
2. For Girls
a. Service to Sparta
above love of
family
b. Did not have
right to vote
c. Raise healthy
babies
3. Most powerful
army in Greece
a. Suppressed
individual
expression
b. Did not value art
c. Not much
freedom
III. Athens Builds a
Limited Democracy
A. Athens located
on the Hellas
B. Democracy : a
state ruled by the
people
1. Direct
Democracy is where
people vote directly
for issues
2. Representative
Democracy is where
people elect others
to rule for them also
called a republic
C. Only free adult
males could vote
D. Athenians were
in to art, philosophy
, and the fine thing
of life
E. Political
Reformers
1. 621 Draco
records the first
legal code for
Greece
2. Solon outlaws
debt slavery in 594
B.C.
3. Solon also
introduced the legal
concept that any
citizen could bring
legal charges
against wrongdoers
4. Pisistratus in 546
provided funds for
farmers to buy back
their farms
from nobles
5. Cleisthenes in
508 B.C.
reorganizes the
assembly to break
up the power of the
nobles.
a. Creates the
Council of Five
Hundred
F. These political
reforms kept Athenian
farmers from
revolution and led to
Athens becoming a
democracy
IV. The Persian
Wars
A. Began at the city
of Miletus on the
Ionian peninsula
B. Darius I was the
Persian king who
would lead his
armies against the
Greeks
C. In 490 B.C. Darius
leads a fleet of 25,000
troops against the
Greeks at the Battle of
Marathon
1. The Greeks use
the fighting
formation called a
phalanx
2. Pheidipppides
races back to Athens
26.2 miles away to
summon the
Spartans that are
there.
3. The Greeks
would win at the
Battle of Marathon
D. In 480 B.C. Xerxes the
son of Darius leads a
massive force some 75,000
Persians to the Battle of
Thermopylae on the
northern Hellas against
7000 Greeks
1. Some 300 Spartans
fight to the death for
three days before
25,000 Persians
finally break through
2. Now the Persians
head towards
Athens
3. The Athenians
head to a nearby
island called
Salamis
E. The Battle of
Salamis
1. The Persians follow
the Athenians towards
the island and the
Athenians sink about
one third of the
remaining Persians
Army
2. Some Persians land
on the island but are
quickly killed by the
Spartans who are there
waiting
3. Never again do
the Persians come
back
F. Consequences of
the Persian Wars
1. The Greeks no
longer fight against
the Persians, fight
against each other
2. The Athenians
create the Delian
League on the
island of Delos
a. People of the
Hellas and islands
off the Hellas
3. The Spartans
create the
Peloponnesian
League as a defense
against the Delian
League