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10/28/2010 1. Notebook Entry: Sparta 2. What similarities do Athens and Sparta have in common? 3. Hand in Homework EQ: How does Greece fit our model of a Classical Civilization? Empire, Golden Age, Culture, Architecture, Political Control, Learning, Science and Technology By the end of class are objectives are to: - identify the different political systems that developed in the Greek city-states - explain the government of Sparta Tonight’s Homework: R&O p. 120-125 If you cannot handle that – make notes. Government: Society: • Several branches –Assembly - all Spartan citizens, elected officials and voted on major issues –Council of Elders - made up of 30 older citizens, proposed laws on which the assembly voted –Five elected officials - carried out the laws, controlled education, and prosecuted court cases • Two kings ruled over the military • Citizens –Descended from original inhabitants of region –Ruling families who owned the land • Noncitizens –Free, worked in commerce and industry • Helots –Little better than slaves –Worked in the fields or as servants Daily Life: • • • • Service to Sparta above everything 600-371 B.C. - Sparta had the most powerful army in Greece Did not value the arts Valued duty, strength, and discipline over freedom, individuality, beauty, and learning • Men served in the army until age 60 – Boys moved into barracks at age 7, stayed until they were 30 – Spent their days marching, exercising, and fighting – Slept without blankets on hard benches – Daily diet: bowl of coarse black porridge • Spartan girls – Some military training – Ran, wrestled, and played sports – Considerable freedom – ran the family estates when their husbands were on active military 1 10/28/2010 "E tan, e epi tan" Either this, or upon this Come back with your shield or on it Persian Wars: • Persian armies a threat to Sparta and Athens • Battle at Marathon (490 B.C.) – Persian fleet (25,000 men) crossed Aegean Sea – 10,000 Athenians – Persians lost more than 6,000 men - Athenian fewer than 200 • Athenians won but city was left defenseless – Pheidippides raced 26 miles to Athens – “Rejoice, we conquer” – Collapsed and died – Army followed behind – Persians retreated • Ten years later Persians return to crush Athens • Greeks badly divided – Some agreed to fight against the Persians – Some wanted to let Athens be destroyed – Some fought with the Persians • 7,000 Greeks (300 Spartans) held off advance – Spartans fought on (all killed), allowing others to retreat – Evacuated the city to fight at sea – pushed Persians back • Greeks continue victories – Form Delian League 2