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Vocabulary • • • • • • • • • Fresco Polis Monarchy Aristocracy Oligarchy Phalanx Helot Democracy Tyrant • • • • • • • • • • Legislature Direct democracy Logic Rhetoric Tragedy Comedy Hellenistic Age Assassination Assimilate Heliocentric Chapter Five Ancient Greece (1750 B.C. – 133 B.C.) 24 Early People of the Aegean * Minoans….1st Greeks • Built a brilliant civilization based on trade • Based on the island of Crete • Disappeared around 1400BC reasons unknown Mycenaean civilization • *Dominated the Aegean world from 1400 B.C. to 1200 B.C. • Absorbed Minoan, Egyptian, and Mesopotamian influences • Passed on to later Greeks • Best remembered "Who on earth could blame the Trojan for their part in the and Achaean men-at-arms for suffering so long for such a woman's sake? Trojan War Indeed, she is the very image of an immortal goddess." The Rise of Greek City-States *Polis • Separated from each other by rugged mountains • Greeks built many small city-states Early government • *Monarchy---A state ruled or headed by a monarch • *Aristocracy---Government by a ruling class • *Oligarchy---Government by a few New method of fighting “*Phalanx” • Massive formation of armored foot soldiers • Required long hours of drill • Gave citizen soldiers a sense of unity Hoplite Summary Summarize your notes using at least four sentences Two influential city-states developed very different ways of life SPARTA ATHENS Sparta became a military state with a rigid system of rules • • • • • *Spartan Society Helots are state owned slaves Military training Age 7 put in boarding school until age 30 Sickly infants were abandoned Males over the age of 30 elected five Ephors Athens *Set up a limited democracy Encouraged the exploration of many areas of knowledge *Results of the Persian Wars The Greeks felt the gods favored their superior form of government The Peloponnesian Wars 458BC to 431BC • Civil War Between Athens and Sparta • *Results • Ended Athenian greatness • Left a weakened Greece open for conquest by an outside force The Age of Pericles 460 to 429BC *Pericles Contributions to the Athenians • All men regardless of wealth or social status could vote • Set up an assembly of 6000 to run the government • Direct democracy • Encouraged an intellectual and artistic flowering Summary Summarize your notes using at least four sentences Greek Philosophers Socrates (469-399 BC) Plato (427-347 BC) Aristotle (384-322 BC) *Guided by a belief in reason Greek philosophers developed ideas about government, morality, and the purpose of life Socrates 469-399 BC * Encouraged people to critically examine their deepest beliefs and ideas through questions Socrates held that, while all opinions are equally true, one opinion is better than another, and that the “wise man” is one who by his arguments causes good opinions to take the place of bad ones "I know of nothing except my own ignorance." "Let him who would move the world, first move himself." Plato (427-347 BC) Plato argued that people could • * Use rational thought to discover unchanging ethical values • Recognize perfect beauty • Learn how to organize an ideal society * Plato held that the perfect society will occur only when kings become philosophers or philosophers are made kings The School of Athens by Raphael Aristotle (384-322 BC) * Aristotle promoted reason as the guiding force for learning Lectured on logic, physics, astronomy, meteorology, zoology, metaphysics, theology, psychology, politics, economics, ethics, rhetoric, poetics The majority of these subjects did not exist as such before him, so that he would have been the first to conceive of and establish them, as systematic disciplines. “A king should take the advice of true philosophers. Then he would fill his reign with good deeds, not The School of Athens by Raphael with good words” Architecture and Art The Parthenon, Athens (448-432 BC) TOUR Summary Summarize your notes using at least four sentences Alexander and the Hellenistic Age Olympias was the orphaned daughter of the king of Epirus and she was descended from Aeacus, through Neoptolemus. Aeacus was the legendary king of Aegina and the grandfather of Achilles Philip II of Macedonia ruled from 359-336 B.C *A God? Philip's Kingdom Alexander the Great 356-323 B.C EMPIRE OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT Dividing the Empire • *Ptolemy Lagus, Alexander's half brother (Egypt and Palestine); •Seleucus Nicator (Mesopotamia and Syria); •Cassander (Macedonia and Greece); •Antigonus (Asia Minor) •Lysimachus (Thrace). Alexander’s conquests resulted in a *blending of eastern and western cultures that became known as Hellenistic civilization. Hellenistic Civilization Math and science • Pythagoras formula • Euclid.…geometry * Stoicsm Avoid desires and disappointments, accept calmly whatever life brought • Aristarchus....earth rotated on an axis and orbited around the sun • Eratosthenes ...calculated earth’s circumference • Archimedes ...physics...single handedly pulled a ship on shore • Hippocrates…oath Summary Summarize your notes using at least four sentences Coming soon to this Classroom “The Roman Empire