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■Essential Question: –What role did geography play in the development of classical Greece? ■Warm-Up Question: –What do you think of when I say “Greece”? After the river valley era, a number of classical civilizations developed in the Mediterranean and in Asia The first major classical civilization was ancient Greece Classic cultures created high levels of achievement in art, science, & technology that impacted future ages Impact of Geography on Greece: Identify 1 geographic feature & propose how it might impact the culture of Greece Impact of Geography on Greece: Identify 1 geographic feature & propose how it might impact the culture of Greece Greece’s lack of natural resources & location on the Mediterranean Sea encouraged Greek trade with neighboring societies Mountains covered about 75% of Greece which divided the people & made unifying the Greek people nearly impossible The Greeks developed independent city-states, called polis, within each valley & its surrounding mountains A city-state is when a city acts like its own country with its own government, laws, military, customs, and culture. Greek Culture ■Despite their lack of unity, the Greeks shared some common characteristics: –Greeks shared the same language –Greek writing was influenced by the Phoenician alphabet & became the basis for Latin Literature Invincible except for his left■Achilles heal The Trojan War forms the backdrop of the blind poet Homer’s the Iliad. An epic is a narrative poem that celebrates heroic deeds. The heroes in the Illiad are the fierce Achilles of Greece and the noble and courageous Hector of Troy. Greeks were polytheistic & believed that the gods were immortal but had human qualities; Religion became the basis for Greek mythology Zeus King of the gods Athena Goddess of wisdom Aphrodite Goddess of love Apollo God of sun & music Ares God of war Hades God of underworld Hera Goddess of family Poseidon God of the seas Most Greek city-states had an agora that was the center for trade & government City-states had an acropolis, a temple on a hill dedicated to a sacred god Differences Among Greek City-States Despite similar language & religion, the Greek polis were very different from each other, especially how they were governed Differences Among Greek City-States Some polis had a monarchy, a gov’t ruled by a king Differences Among Greek City-States Some polis had an aristocracy, a gov’t ruled by elite nobles Practiced in Corinth Differences Among Greek City-States Some polis like Sparta had an oligarchy, a gov’t ruled by a small group of citizens Differences Among Greek City-States Some polis like Athens had a direct democracy, a gov’t ruled by citizens who vote on decisions The Greek city-states Athens & Sparta represented the differences among polis ■Athenian society focused on wealth Under the leadership & of culture: Pericles, Athens –Athens had a grew to be a direct democracy powerful city-state in which bothboth that flourished richculturally & poorand citizens could economically vote & hold public office Athenian society focused on wealth & culture Architects built the Parthenon to honor the goddess Athena Athenian society focused on wealth & culture Artists created realistic sculptures Theater had both comedies & tragedies Olympic Games Most events tested the skills Women were thatevery were four years at Olympia ■Held allowed to to necessary for honor their Gods, began incompete 776BCE battle against other women ■Events included long distance running, wrestling, the long jump, the javelin, and the discuss throw. The Greek city-states Athens & Sparta Kingdifferences Leonidas:"Spartans! Prepare for represented the among polis Spartans society glory!" did have slaves ■ Spartan society focused Daxos:"Glory? Havecalled you goneHelots. mad? on military strength, There is no glory These to be hadslaves now! Only were not freedom & learning retreat, or surrender or death." responsible for –Spartan men served duties. Leonidas:"It's farming an easy choice for in the militaryKing until us, Arcadian!of Spartans never retreat! Because the presence slaves, 60 yearsofold Spartans never surrender! Go spread women weremilitary also givenLeta every military –Boys began the word. Greek assembled trainingat soage that theofmen training 7when know the truth this. Let each among search the his own soul. And –Women ran family were away, they couldthem protect while your at it, search your own." estates while city. men trained or fought Athenian society focused on wealth & culture Later became teacher to Alexander the Great Philosophers Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle questioned assumptions & the use of logic to find answers to questions Athens & Sparta competed for influence in Greece & developed a strong rivalry that eventually led to the Peloponnesian War Sparta defeated Athens, but the war weakened the Greeks Spartans showed their strength during the Persian Wars Closure Activity ■Where would you rather live: Athens or Sparta? Why?